Hydesville, New York
Since they'd moved into the house the previous December, noises had been bothering them.
The farm house was a small one, consisting of a single floor with several rooms, a cellar underneath it and a loft above.
Rappings and sounds like that of moving furniture had been heard time and again.
John David Fox and his wife had lit candles and moved around the house, searching every room.
They'd never discovered a source of the noises.
This night, they were worse than they had ever been, occurring in all parts of the house.
The couple even thought they heard footsteps in the pantry and Margaret Fox was sick with fear, convinced that some unhappy spirit haunted the house.
It had snowed that day and an icy wind was scouring the house. John Fox kept checking the sashes on the windows, thinking that they might be rattling to cause the sounds.
But the noises were taking place everywhere and both he and his wife were frightened for their two daughters, Margaret, ten, and Kate, seven; the two girls slept in the same room with them.
In an attempt to rationalize the fear they were experiencing, the girls had begun to attribute the noises to some mysterious, invisible entity named Mr. Splitfoot.
Their parents weren't happy with this fancy but allowed it to persist since it seemed to ameliorate the girls' reaction to the noises. And there was certainly no way they could afford to leave the house.
They would all have to make the best of this disturbing situation.
Mr. Fox had not yet retired that night; it wasn't even seven o'clock. His wife lay awake in bed, her daughters lying equally awake in their adjoining bed.
The loud, rapping noises were almost constant now, sounding from every quarter of the house.
Once the beds both jarred, making Mrs. Fox and their daughters gasp in shock.
Abruptly, Kate, her body locked with dread, cried out impulsively, "Mr. Splitfoot, do as I do!" and suddenly began to clap her hands.
The noises seemed to imitate and follow her until she stopped.
A heavy silence fell, mother and daughters wide-eyed, heart beats thumping.
Then Margaret cried out brazenly, "No, do just as I do!" and clapped her hands four times, calling, "Count one, two, three, four!"
Four rapping sounds immediately followed.
The younger Margaret shivered, pulling up the covers to her chin, her face gone pale.
What had she done?
She caught her breath, glancing sharply at her younger sister as Kate spoke, saying, "Mother, I know what it is. Tomorrow is April-fool day and it's somebody trying to fool us."
Mrs. Fox felt otherwise, convinced that someone haunted their house.
Her voice trembled while she asked, as proof, for the spirit to rap out the ages of her children.
Ten distinct rap sounds in the small room. Silence for a moment or two. Then seven raps. Kate whimpered, "Oh."
Silence. Then three more raps were heard. Mrs. Fox sobbed frightenedly.
There'd been another daughter who had died at the age of three.
"Is this a human being who answers my questions so correctly?" she asked in a feeble voice.
Silence. Her two girls clung to one another.
Mrs. Fox's throat moved as she swallowed with difficulty. "Is it a spirit?" she asked. "If it is, make two raps."
Two rapping noises sounded instantly, causing them to cry out.
Mr. Fox was in the same room now, listening, his expression tense.
"If it's an injured spirit, make two raps," said his wife.
The two raps were so loud, the house trembled from the impact. "Dear God," whispered John Fox.
Then he cried out, "Will you continue to rap if I call in my neighbors so they can hear it too?!"
Again, the house shook with the violence of the answering raps.
At half past seven, Mr. Fox brought back their nearest neighbor, Mrs. Redfield.
Having heard his rambling account of what had happened, Mrs. Redfield was prepared to laugh, thinking it a joke.
But the moment she saw Dr. Fox and the two girls in their beds, pale with fright, she realized that something serious was happening.
"Ask it who it is," Mrs. Fox told her. She had already done so and wanted to find out if Mrs. Redfield got the same answers she did.
Mrs. Redfield began to do this, asking one rap for yes and two for no.
By this gradual method, she discovered that the spirit was that of a man aged thirty-one, a peddler who had been murdered in this house, his remains buried in the cellar.
It was precisely what Mrs. Fox had been told by the rapping noises.
Mrs. Redfield then went out and got Mr. Fuesler and his wife who, in turn, got Mr. and Mrs. Hyde and Mr. and Mrs. Jewell.
All of them asked the same questions using one rap for yes and two for no.
The answers remained the same. A man. Thirty-one. Peddler. Murdered. Remains buried in the cellar.
The questioning continued through the night, long after the two girls had fallen asleep from exhaustion.
The story grew more bizarrely complicated by the hour.
The murder was committed in the east bedroom five years earlier.
On a Tuesday at midnight.
The victim had had his throat cut with a butcher knife after which his body had been dragged through the pantry and down the stairway to the cellar where it was buried ten feet under the ground.
The murder had been committed to get the man's money. Five hundred dollars in all.
They started digging in the cellar the next night but soon had to give up because they came to water. They could not resume until summer.
Then, at a depth of five feet, they found a wooden plank. Beneath the plank was charcoal and lime, hair and bones.
Doctors pronounced them to be the remains of a human skeleton.
Soon afterward, the phenomena assumed the character of a full-fledged haunting.
The sound of a death struggle was heard. A hideous throat gurgling, then dragging of a body across the floor of the house.
The sound of digging in the cellar.
Mrs. Fox's hair began to turn white and, at last, the family had to leave the house.
The raps continued after they were gone.
One night, more than three hundred people conversed with the invisible entity.
Kate was sent to the house of an older brother, Margaret to the house of her older sister.
The phenomena continued in both places.
It was especially severe where Margaret was.
Her older sister was exposed to the first recorded "poltergeist" episode in the United States, objects hurled at her, pins stuck into her as she prayed, her cap and combs jerked roughly from her head.
One night, a visiting friend attempted to converse with the rambunctious spirit and, with deafening raps, a message was spelled out: "Dear friends, you must proclaim this truth to the world. This is the dawning of a new era. You must not try to conceal it any longer."
AFTERWARD
Margaret Fox recanted in her later years.
She claimed that she and her sister Kate had produced the rappings by cracking their toe joints.
Fminent physiologist and Nobel laureate Charles Richet—who was involved in psychical research for more than thirty years—had this to say about Margaret Fox's recantation.
"Can we suppose that two children—seven and ten years of age—organized a fraud that succeeded in spite of being tested thousands of times?"
It was a fact that both Fox sisters became alcoholics in their later years. It would have, therefore, been relatively simple for their enemies to persuade them to publicly recent and denounce Spiritualism.
In the year 1904, in what had been the farm house of the Fox family, part of a cellar wall fell down.
Revealing an almost entire human skeleton.
Near the skeleton was the tin box of a peddler.
INTERIM
Following the events at Hydesville, all manner of physical phenomena began to appear across the country.
Spirit voices were heard in séance rooms.
Spirit forms materialized in whole or part.
Spoken and written spirit teachings began to wildfire across America, all attributed to eminent—no longer living, of course—men of the past.
By 1853, it was estimated that there existed, in the state of New York alone, some forty thousand Spiritualists.
Despite widespread denunciation from the press, the movement flourished and continued to grow.
Mediums appeared everywhere and, owing to the ever-mounting demand for sittings, the numbers of professional mediums increased proportionately.
It was not professional mediumship which popularized the cause however.
Table tilting at home became the rage in all parts of the country as well as in England and on the Continent.
Tables tilted and rotated and made all kinds of movements without any signs of visible control, every movement interpreted as evidence of questions answered from "The Other Side."
Spiritualism, despite attempts to establish it as a form of legiti-mate philosophy, came primarily to designate a religious sect. The doctrine of this sect was that spirits of the dead survive as individual personalities and can be communicated with through persons known as mediums.
It also came to be accepted that these mediums could cure diseases with the aid of so-called Spirit Guides or Controls.
Likewise, it became a conviction among adherents that mediums could counsel their clients on a wide range of personal and practical matters, drawing upon the knowledge of the Spirit World.
Also assumed to be a part of mediumship was clairvoyance (knowledge of hidden or distant events) and the ability to predict the future.
Soon, a wave of fascination regarding Spiritualism spread across the Western world, the number of believers in the new faith mounting to ten million.
Nor were all of these disciples limited to the ranks of the uneducated and credulous. Distinguished men from every walk of life became numbered among its converts. Alfred Russel Wallace, the eminent biologist and, later, Sir William Barrett, Sir William Crookes and Sir Oliver Lodge were among the noted scientists whose names became associated with the cause.
Even a president of the United States.
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