Abdul-Ilah, Emir of Iraq 539–41
Abetz, Otto
Luchaire and 144
Vichy liaison in Paris 452, 453
Abrial, Amiral Jean-Marie, Dunkirk rearguard 278
Abwehr 45, 328, 345
Abyssinia 204
General Platt attacks 464
Haile Selassie returns 464, 527
Italian invasion 17, 19, 30
Italians defeated 433–4, 527, 543, 544
Addis Ababa 544
Adlertag 13 August 344–5, 348–9
Administrative Reorganization Act 1939 (USA) 263
Admiral Hipper 534
attacks convoy SL(S)64 483
HMS Glowworm attacks 183–4
Admiral Scheer 534
and North Atlantic convoy 479
bombed 75
Advanced Air Striking Force (AASF) 231
Agricultural Act 1937, grants 148
Albania
Greeks in 487, 518, 520–1
Italian invasion 19
Italy invades Greece via; driven back 414–15, 497, 551
Luftwaffe in 520–1
proposed southern coast attack 407–8
Alexander, General Sir Harold xxi
commands Dunkirk rearguard 277–8
Alexandria
French ships demobilized 317
RN base 349–50, 468, 499, 526, 537, 562–3, 578, 582
Aliákmon Line 488, 490–1, 503, 518–21
Allied France/ UK armies 252, 257, 260
Arras counter-attack 258–9, 261
retreat to Dunkirk 267–70
Altmark incident 179
Altmark, prisoners freed 126, 163
Amé, Cesare 407
American volunteer pilots, RAF 338–9
at Middle Wallop 351–2
71 'Eagle' Squadron 531
Amerika (Hitler's train) 212
Amery, Leo 56
Anderson, David, air raid shelter 428
Andrew, Colonel Leslie, withdraws from Maleme 559–60
anti-Semitism
France 173
Nazis 25, 44, 228
Goebbels campaign 49
Anti-Submarine School, Portland 82
Antwerp 109, 223, 235–6
RAF bombs 371
Aosta, Duke of, troops in East Africa 464, 466, 544
Aquitania troopship 463
Archer, Harley 83
Arctic, 6 U-boats ordered to 587
Ardennes, natural barrier 108–9
Churchill on 32–3
Gamelin on 223
Manstein's surprise attack plan 131–5
passage through 201
armies, military structure 94
Arminius myths, Nazis and 393–4
Arnold, General 'Hap' 334, 361
ASDIC sonar 492, 493, 494
Asia, Göring's train 230
Athenia, torpedoed 61–3, 64, 66–7, 69, 72
Atlantic, Battle of 400–4, 420, 458–9, 467–71, 477–82, 483–5, 491–6, 523–5, 533, 534–5
Atlantic convoys 72–3
commodores 478
escorts
and Iceland bases 525
diverted to anti-invasion patrols 402–3
Escort Group EG5 491–6
Escort Groups 477–9
lack of escorts 402
NEF, to Mid-Ocean Meeting Point 585
Royal Canadian Navy 525
losses 403
procedures 478–9
routes 477–8
U-boats and 126–7, 400–4
see also U-boats
convoy HX72, and U-boats 400–3
convoy HX79 403
convoy OB293 491
convoy SC7 403
convoy SL(S)64 attacked by Admiral Hipper 483
Attlee, Clement, in War Cabinet 254, 272
atomic bomb study, UK new technology 391
Attolico, Italian Ambassador to Germany 45
Auchinleck, General Claude
and Iraq 540
moved to Middle East 542, 588, 592
Auschwitz synthetic fuel plant 568
Australia
support for UK assumed 86
UK metals from 319
Australian army 98, 460
divisions from
Crete, and German paratroopers 556, 557–8
Greece
6th Division 490
J Section Signals 490 521
UK rearguard 522
Middle East 336
Operation Compass 460–3
Syria attack 579–80
Tobruk 514, 541
Austria
annexed 39
resources, Hitler and 141
autobahns, loss of farmland 139
Auxiliary Units, secret 367–8
Avanguardisti 287
Axis
economic limitations 86–7
shipping disruption 536
see also specific Axis countries
Backe, Herbert, Battle of Production 138, 570
Backhouse, ASDIC operator 494
Bader, Douglas, and 'Big Wing' 378
Badoglio, Maresciallo Pietro 42, 204, 279, 382, 406
advises moving fleet from Taranto 417
and Greece invasion plans 407–8
Baker-Creswell, Commander Addison Joe, captures Enigma 524
Baku, USSR oil 419
France and 169
Germany and 568
Balbo, Maresciallo Italo 380
on Mussolini's war plans 285–6
Balck, Oberst Hermann
1. Rifle Regiment 244–5
2. Panzerdivision, untouched by RAF 527
3. Panzerregiment, into Greece 517–22
attitude to Barbarossa 583–4
Balilla Musketeers 287
Balkans, Hitler and 502
Baltic
8 U-boats ordered to 587
minelaying, 83 Squadron 195–6
Bamberger, Sergeant Cyril 'Bam' xxi
to Malta by ship 473–4
training 365–6
Bardia, 6th Australians capture 460–1
Barlone, Capitaine Daniel xxi, 76–8
at Belgian border 169
in Bayonne 337
at Dunkirk 268–9, 275–6
in UK 446
makes for England 295
Baron Kinnaird, rescues Western Prince survivors 459
Baron Nairn 337–8
Baruch, Bernard 264
Basse, Gonthier de, Pétainist 447
Bassett, Captain Brian, New Zealand 10th Brigade 553
Bastico, Generale Ettore, prefers mules to tanks 382
battalions, military structure 95
Battle of Britain 344–86
Battle of Cape Matapan 498–501
Battle of the Atlantic 400–4, 420, 458–9, 467–71, 477–82, 483–5, 491–6, 523–5, 533, 534–5
Baudisch, Fritz 298
BBC German broadcasts 175
Beaton, Cecil 455
Beaufighters 430, 510–12
Beaufre, Capitaine André xxi, 109
and Case Yellow response 222–4
and military talks 22, 29–30, 33–4
considers strike against Italy 170
in Warsaw 33
on Gamelin's offensive 78
on Sedan loss 245–6
on Weygand 260
return from Moscow 59–60
Beaverbrook, Lord
and aircraft repair/ salvage 311
and aircraft production 309–11
and bomber production 591–2
and Dowding 439
and Spitfire Fund 444–5
Beck, Generaloberst Ludwig, and Hitler assassination plan 1939 113
Beer Hall Putsch 1923, Göring and 23
Belfast, bombed but functioning 549
Belgian volunteer pilots 339
Belgium
Allied forces to advance into 207
bans Allied troop movements 107–8
Case Yellow attack on 211, 214–15, 217–25
4th Squadron 227
government-in-exile, UK 319
no co-ordinated air defence system 231
refugee exodus 225
surrender 272
Belgrade, German attack 503
Bell Telephone Co., UK cavity magnetrons 391
Benghazi
Australians heading for 463
falls to Rommel 513
harbour mined by Fleet Air Arm 536
Bensusan-Butt, David, bombing photographic analysis 590
Berlin
blackout 136–7
Hitler, architecture plans 34, 326–7
RAF raid 359–60
Welles visits 153
Bethke, Leutnant Siegfried 532
I/JG2 'Richthofen' 253–4
2/JG2, and Sedan 243–4
in Normandy 329–30
on planes shortage 363
shot down by LeO 45 at Dunkirk 297–8, 299
Béthune, Rommel pushes on to 259
Bewegungskrieg 200, 202
Biggin Hill airfield, raids on 354, 362
Billotte, Général 258
Birkenhead, bombed 511
Bismarck, Otto von 118
Bismarck, sunk in Atlantic 534–5
Blair, Captain Malcolm, killed at Dunkirk 276
Blairangus, sunk by U-boats 401
Blanchard, Général 258, 270
and BEF evacuation 269
Bleichrodt, Heinrich 'Ajax', U-48 400–2
Blenheim medium bombers 311
RAF Middle East 410, 460, 529
Bletchley Park GC&CS 72, 346, 499
Enigma machine/ codebooks 346, 499, 524–5
Ultra decrypts, on Crete 554
Blomberg, Major Axel von, shot down by mistake 540–1
Blücher, heavy cruiser, sunk by shore batteries 186
Blum, Léon 173
Popular Front 79
Welles visits 153
Blumentritt, General Günther, and Manstein's plan 133
Bock, Generaloberst von, and Case Yellow 203
Bologna Battalion, Cremonini joins 287
Bolzano, heavy cruiser 499
Bonnet, Georges 55, 172
Borghese, Valerio, and Regia Marina 383
Boris, Jean-Mathieu xxi, 446
escapes 337–8
joins Légion de volontaires français 339
Boulogne, evacuation 23 May, falls 25 May 269–70
Bowles, Henry 'Dee' xxi, 373–5
Bowles, Tom xxi, 373–5
Bracken, Brendan 456
Brauchitsch, General Walther von 96, 112, 113, 131
and Barbarossa 436
and decision to halt panzers 262
not consulted re Weserübung 180, 190
on army and UK invasion 327–8
Bray-Dunes 275
Bristol, Admiral Arthur L. 482
Bristol Blenheims 330–1
British Army 83–7, 366
1 Rifle Regiment 301 245
1st Armoured Division, caught by Rommel 249–50
2nd Rifle Brigade (2RB) 421–3, 513, 421–2
2nd Royal Fusiliers 269, 273, 276
2/5th Leicesters (Territorials) 192, 197, 198–9
13th & 22nd Rifles, Dunkirk 275–6
15th Brigade 209–10
50th 'Tyne Tees' Division 342
51st Highland Division 289
146th Brigade 207
148th Brigade 197–8, 207–8, 209–10
defensive military strategy 83–8
equipment/ kit/ modernization 98–104
battledress combat uniform 99–100
chemical weapons 367
flame-throwing weapons 367
manpower vs. technology 101
mechanization 98, 99–104
rebuilding/ equipping post-Dunkirk 316–24, 342–3
tanks 102–3
transporting 84
in France/ Low Countries see British Expeditionary Force; France; specific countries
Greece see Greece
in Iraq 539–41
in Middle East 349–51, 419–20, 485–9
in Norway see Narvik; Norway
in Syria 577–80
infantry regiments, battalion structure 192
invasion resistance preparations 366–8
Operation Compass 417–23
Sudan Defence Force, in Abyssinia 464
Territorial Army doubled 98
see also specific regiments
British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 81, 83, 85, 98–103
advance to Dyle 226
Air Component 231–2
at Dunkirk perimeter 274–8
encircled 260
evacuation 261, 262, 269–70, 293
British Metal Corporation 158, 159
British Somaliland, Italy captures 405, 466
British Union of Fascists 44, 60
Brooke, General Sir Alan 226, 257
C-in-C UK Home Forces 366, 370–1
in Cherbourg with new BEF 291
insists on final evacuation 293
Broompark, hit by U-48 401
Brown, Eric 60–1, 88, 301
Browning passenger ship, U-48 and 71
Budd, Ralph 266–7
Bufton, Air Commodore Sydney xxi, 243, 358–9, 590
Bulgaria
joins Axis 490
refuses to support Greece invasion 407–8
Bulldog, destroyer 524
Bullitt, William, and Chambrun 276–7
Burma, UK metals from 319
Burnett, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Charles 29
Burrows, Jim commands NZ rearguard, Crete 563
Busch, General, 16. Armee 202–3
Cadillac, UK tanker, torpedoed 468
Cairo
UK GHQ Middle East 349
Greek government-in-exile 577
Calabria, UK/ Italian fleets clash 381, 404, 411, 498, 499
Calais 269
Canada 86
contribution to UK war effort 585–6
divisions from 98, 336
Empire Air Training Scheme 336–7
metals from 319
UK armed forces volunteers 585
Canaris, Admiral, Abwehr 345
Cappozzo, Gino xxi, 497
Cardes, Colonel de 267
Cardiff, bombed but functioning 549
Carl, Admiral 68, 126
Case Red 288–96
Case White 45, 47, 48, 50–1, 89–90
Case Yellow 131–5, 200–4, 211–78
Catroux, Général Georges 577, 578–9
Cavagnari, Amiragglio Domenico 204, 404–5, 407
cavity magnetron 391, 429
Cedarbank (merchantman) 192, 199
Chain Home radar system 311–12
Chamberlain, Neville 151, 153
and Case Yellow 219–220
and France military support 87
and Norway 197, 209
and tripartite talks 21, 22
announces war 57
defensive military strategy 83–8
Göring seeks meeting 27, 44–5
on peace prospects 183
on Poland 43–4, 45, 46
opposes Halifax on peace talks 271–3
prepares to resign 220–1
ultimatum to Germany 54–6, 57
death 440
Chambrun, Capitaine René de xxi, 54, 36–7, 231
and Belgium invasion 224–5, 228
and Maginot Line 60, 169–70
on Pétain 448
on refugees 257
sent to Paris via England 267, 276
sent to USA 276–7, 295
Channel, danger to German aircrew 379
Char B tanks 79
Châtellerault machine gun 79
Chautemps, Camille 173
Cheall, Bill, 6th Green Howards 35–6, 98, 267–8, 342
at Dunkirk 274–5
invasion watch 371
Cherbourg, Brooke lands with new BEF 291
Children of the She-Wolf (Italy) 287
China, Sino-Japanese war 389
Christian X, King, accepts occupation 189
Christopherson, Captain Stanley 103–4, 488–9, 514, 541, 582
Chrysler, military production 431–2
Churchill, Clementine 57–8, 456
Churchill, Winston 27–8, 32–3, 57–8, 159, 175, 409–10
and air power 28, 40, 309
and Battle of Atlantic Committee 484
and Battleaxe 377, 582
and Daladier 182
and Freyberg 555
and Hopkins 456–7
and Middle East 349–51
and Norway 161–2, 165, 183, 197, 206–7, 209
and Reynaud 255–6, 290–2, 290
and Stalin 590, 593
and UK/France Union 294
and Wavell 256, 419, 463–4, 466, 486, 588
chosen Prime Minister 220–1, 254
'Finest Hour' speech 314
First Lord of Admiralty 57, 58, 64–7, 125, 171
on Battle of the Atlantic 533
on Greece 487, 526
on North Africa 526
and USA 248. 415, 433
opposes peace talks 271–3
orders Berlin attack 359
orders U-boats attacks 484
'We shall never surrender' speech 281–2
Ciano, Amiragglio Costanzo 'Ganascia' 15–19
Ciano, Count Galeazzo xxi, 15, 152, 154, 157, 279, 327, 551
and France 204–5
and Germany/ Poland 19, 30
and Greece invasion 406, 407–8, 414–15
and Luchaire 205
and Pact of Steel 17–18, 31
and UK coal 156
and UK/ France barter offers 278
and Vittorio Emanuele 42–3, 46
marries Edda Mussolini 17
on copper extortion 167
on Egypt attack 380
on Hitler and Balkans 434
on Mussolini's war declaration 288
tries to avoid war 30–1, 46–7, 156–7
City of Benares, evacuee boat, sunk by U-48 400
City of Exeter slow boat to Leningrad 29–30
civil air disruptions 59
Civil Conservation Corps 374
Civilian Repair Organization (CRO) 311
Clan Fraser, freighter, explodes; wrecks Pireus 508
Clark, Lieutenant-Colonel Mark xxi-xxii, 375–6
Clarke, Lt Gerald, 1st Infantry Division 373–5
Clausewitz, On War 118, 119, 200
Clydebank, bombed but functioning 549
Coastal Command forces, transfer to Western Approaches 484
Cobham, Alan 218–9
Colville, Jock xxii, 58, 150, 254–5, 415, 456, 582, 588, 593
and first air raid drill 57–8
on Chamberlain and Norway 182
on Finland/ Scandinavia 162
on German bomber force 325
on Norway poor planning 209
on war and economy 175
on 18 August air battle 353
on Churchill 281
on pointless German raids 349
on reinforcing Egypt 350–1
on UK/France Union 294
Colville, Philip, awaiting call-up 58
Condor Legion 395
Congo, Belgian copper 319
Conte Rosso, Axis troopship, sunk 536–7
convoys see Atlantic convoys
Corap, Général André, ignores recce reports 239
Corbin, Charles 294
Cottingham, Flt Sgt 527–8
Coulondre, French Ambassador to Germany 45
Coventry, major air attack 428–9, 440
Cox, Geoffrey
visits Benelux countries 108–9
visits Maginot Line 106–7
Cox, Gwladys xxii, 150, 281, 325, 428, 454–5, 527, 549–50
and evacuation 56
and rationing 150
bombed out 388–9
on London bombing 372
on war leaders 175
Cox, Ralph 56, 388–9
Cremonini, William xxii, 287–8, 385
Crete
Cretans, and German paratroopers 558, 561
gendarmerie, and German paratroopers 557
German attack on 537–8, 546–8, 552–64, 565
evacuation 562–4
surrender 563–4
Ultra decrypts on 554
Greek troops, and German paratroopers 558
New Zealand Division 552–62
evacuation rearguard 563
Sherwood Rangers 488
strategic importance to UK 554–5
cross-Channel packets, and BEF 82
Croydon, bomber raid on 354
Crüger, Major Arved 505, 506
Cunningham, Admiral Andrew Browne (ABC) xxii
C-in-C Med Fleet 350, 411, 526
and Crete 536–7, 562–4
and French Fleet Mers-el-Kébir 411
and Italian fleet 417, 499–501
demands more aircraft 528
supplying Tobruk 536
Cunningham, General Alan 487
and Syria attack 579
southern offensive 464–6
Curtiss Helldivers 301
Cyprus, Germany considers taking 538
Czech squadron, RAF 380
Czechoslovakia 39, 86, 108
resources, Hitler and 141
Sudetenland 11, 39, 108
d'Annunzio, Gabriele 16
Dahl, Pilot Officer Roald xxii, 519–21, 527, 528
Dahlerus, Birger 27, 45
Daily Express 106
Daladier, Edouard 34, 79, 81, 153, 171–2, 182
arrested 326
Reynaud and 206, 221–2
Danzig Corridor 18, 37, 51
Dardanelles 490
Darlan, Amiral François 181, 206, 270, 453
fleet to Mers-el-Kébir 295–6, 317–18
Darley, Sqn/Ldr Horace 'George' 269
and 609 Squadron 332–4, 349, 353, 377
at Merville 232
Darré, Walther
'blood and soil' philosophy 137, 140
and 'Battle of Production' 138
Davis, Chester C. 266
Dawes Committee 13
de Gaulle, Général Charles xxii, 172, 446–8
and Free French 339, 446–8
and North Africa 293–4
and Syria 577–80
and UK/France Union 294
BBC broadcasts urge resistance 337
de Greer, Dirk Jan, sacked by Wilhelmina 444
de Havilland 84
de Valera, Eamon, and invasion 388
deflection shooting 332
Denmark
German invasion 134, 178–9, 189
government-in-exile, and Greenland bases 482
Dentz, Général Henri 577, 589
Deutsche Afrikakorps (DAK), supply issues 541–2
Dewoitine D520 fighters 79
Dietl, General 190
Dietrich, Otto 49
Dill, General Sir John 290, 463–4, 486–8, 526, 588
dive-bomber principles 301–3, 305
Dombås, German paratroops defeated 197–8, 207
Dönitz, Admiral Karl, and U-boats xxii, 67, 69, 72, 125, 467, 479
boat & reconnaissance problems 479–81
improved torpedoes 355
Kriegsmarine orders 586–7
U-boat losses 523–4
U-boats to Norway 173, 174
UK food imports sinking 147
Donovan, William J., FDR envoy, confidence in RAF 360
Dordrecht, taken 227
Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald, stockpiling for war 148
Dornier bombers 218, 227, 301, 302
Dornier seaplanes 75
Dos, Margarete xxii, 136–7, 141–2, 175
Douglas, Air Chief Marshal Sholto 369, 429, 440, 530
Douhet, Generale Giulio 85, 395
Doumenc, Général Aimé 29, 33, 222, 245–6
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh 309–10, 311–13, 340, 360
and foreign pilots 379–80
and night interception 429–30
and pilot shortage 362, 365, 369–70
sacked by Beaverbrook 439
Drake, Billy 218–19, 227–8, 244, 251–2
Drax, Admiral 29, 33
Dunbar, Tiny 522
Dundas, John, 609 Squadron 532
Dunkirk
Allied armies retreat to 267–70
beaches 274–8
East Mole pier 275
Operation Dynamo 269–78
perimeter protection 267–8, 273–8
rearguard 277–8
Durazzo, confusion at 414
Dutch see Holland
Duxford Big Wing 378
Dyle River 223, 226, 253
East Africa 350, 464, 486, 527, 543–6
Eastchurch airfield 348
Eastern Macedonia 488
Eben-Emael captured 227, 232, 235
Eden, Anthony 57, 159, 290
and Greece 487, 490–1
and LDV 281
and Wavell 419
Eden Group 57
Edison, Charles 247, 323
Egypt 86, 350
Italy and 170, 350–1, 380–1, 385, 405
Operation Compass 417–23
Rommel and 512–17
Western Desert 421–3, 433–4, 459–63
Operation Battleaxe failure 579, 580–2
Eliot, T. S. 62
Elliott, Walter 147
Elmbank, freighter 401
Elmhirst, Group Captain Tommy, Air Intelligence 346–8, 360, 362, 369
on aircraft loss ratios 348, 355
Emanuele Vittorio III, King of Italy 16
Emden, bombed 75
Empire Liberty, Thompson's prototype 459
Endrass, Engelbert 174
Engel, Major Gerhard 39, 47, 328, 414, 502
on Red Army 364–5
on Barbarossa 436–7
engine superchargers 390–1
Enigma machine/ codebooks 346, 499, 524–5
Erdona, HX112 tanker, blown up 492
Eritrea 463, 488, 527
Ersatzkaffee 137
Evill, Douglas 369
Fabbri, Sergio 287, 471–2
Fairey Swordfish 417
disables Bismarck 534
Falck, Major Wolfgang 510
Falkenhausen, General Alexander von 445
Falkenhorst, General von 179, 190
Far East, Dutch oil and rubber 319
Fauvelle, Commandant 270
Feary, Sergeant 352
Felsennest 212
Fiat CR42 biplanes 217, 409
Field, Captain Norman xxii, 83–7, 100–1, 368
Dunkirk perimeter protection 269, 273, 276, 277
Finland, USSR invades 151, 162–5
Ciano on 156
France, and 169, 171, 172
UK aid proposed 162
Firby steamer, U-48 and 71–2
Fisher, Lord 64
Fleet Air Arm 81 72
and Syria 589
attacks Italian fleet 500
Malta 536
mining Tripoli/ Benghazi harbours 536
torpedo-bombers 473
Fleming, Peter 368
Focke-Wulfs 302–3, 484
Forbes, Admiral Sir Charles 124, 183, 402–3
Ford, Henry 265
making Liberator parts 432
refuses to help British 390
Fordson Model N tractor 148
Foreign Information and Counter-Intelligence Service (Abwehr) 45, 328, 345
Fornebu 186, 187–8
Forschungsamt monitoring service 45–6
France 20–2, 28–30, 32–4, 76–81, 106–9, 169–73, 205–7, 218–19, 221–5, 446–53
and Finland 169, 171, 172
and Italy 156, 170, 205, 278–9
and Norway 162, 180–2, 205–11
Armée de l'Air 79, 230–2
army 28
162 Régiment d'Infanterie 54, 169–70
2nd North African Division 76–8, 169, 268–9
IX Corps 289
and Dunkirk 275–6
and Sedan 245–6, 249
and UK joint staff talks 86, 87
at Meuse, unprepared 238
chasseurs alpins 107
at Narvik 193, 206, 209
confronts Armeegruppe B 253
equipment 79, 106–7
arms superiority 35, 40
fear of inferiority 78–9
US arms sales 110–11
Légion étrangère, at Narvik 209
mobilization 35, 36–7, 53–5, 79–80
Moroccan troops 107
North African Division 275–6
organization
bureaucratic structure 315
communications problems 259
conscription/ reserve process 53–4
leadership 80, 169–70
lack of winter activity 169–70
no strategic reserve 256
preparedness 40
three land forces HQs 222–3
offensive reconnaissance 76–8
reaches Siegfried Line 78
surrounded 267–8
at war 59–60, 95–6
Case Red attack on 288–96
Case Yellow attack on 218–19
Comité de Guerre 270–1
ratifies Poland alliance 46
Reynaud's coalition government 172–3
Pétain surrenders 294–5
armistice signed 296
Supreme War Council with UK 181, 182, 206–8, 293–4, 315
defences 28
Belgian border, anti-tank ditch 169, 171–2
no co-ordinated air defence system 231
Maginot Line 28, 32, 54, 60, 76–7, 106–7, 288
refugees from Low Countries 259
Rhine, to mine 171–2, 181
roads not blocked to Germans 271
economy 79
car ownership 89
farming surplus problems 142–3
home front 142–5
no rationing 143
German-occupied 449–53
foreign investments appropriated 393
partitioned 326
RAF attacks Luftwaffe targets 530
raw materials taken by Germans 392
navy 79, 295–6
fleet destroyed at Mers-el-Kébir 317–18
sailors, return to France 446–7
socialism 169
UK/ France proposed Union 294
UK/ USSR, military talks 20–2, 28–30, 33–4
see also Vichy France Government
Franco, General 38, 414
Franco-Prussian War 1871 96
François-Poncet, André 156, 205, 278
Frederick the Great 119, 200
Free French
and Syria 577–80
fights in East Africa and Libya 577–8
French Equatorial Africa 447
French West Africa 447–8
Légion de volontaires français 339
Syria attack 579–80
UK and 446–8
French Indo-China, Japan and 389
French North Africa, de Gaulle and 293
Freyberg, Major-General Bernard, NZ Division 555, 562
Frisch-Peierls atomic bomb study, UK 391
Fritsch, General Werner von 141
Fritzsche, Hans 50
Funk, Walther 167, 168
Gabon, Free French take 448
Galland, Adolf 300, 364, 379
Gambier-Parry, General, captured 514
Gamelin, Général Maurice 55, 170–2, 80
and Saar 76–8
moves towards Belgium 223–5
on Ardennes 201, 223
Reynaud and 206, 221–2
sacked 260
Gariboldi, Generale 476, 512
Gaunt, Geoffrey 378
Gehrig, Lou 8–10
General Motors, military production 432
Genoa Cavalry 286
Gensoul, Amiral Marcel-Bruno 317–18
George II, King of Greece 555
George VI, King of England 151, 271
Georges, Général Alphonse 28–30, 32, 80, 222–3
and air power disparity 40
and Gamelin 171
and Italy 170
on Sedan loss 245–6
on UK Rhine mining 171
Gerbrandy, Pieter, Dutch PM 444
Germany 22–7, 34–5, 37–40, 257–8, 414
air force see Luftwaffe
and Soviet Union
non-aggression pact 22, 34–5, 37, 43, 44, 151
Operation Barbarossa
launched 584, 593–4
objective, economic 567–71, 583
preparation 435–6, 526, 552, 564, 565–71
and other countries see Crete; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; France; Greece; Iraq; Italy; Japan; Mediterranean; Middle East; Norway; Poland; Sudetenland; Syria; Yugoslavia
army see Wehrmacht
economy/ production 13, 24, 138, 166–9
armaments production 168–9, 569
food production 137–41, 570–1
foreign exchange 26–7, 392–3
Four-Year Plan 1936 26, 90, 138–40, 166–7
home front 136–42
mechanization 92–3
Panzer production 569–60
vehicles 88–9, 168, 392, 566, 568–9
intelligence services 45, 328, 344–5, 524
military culture 118–20
navy see Kriegsmarine
newsreels 515–16
propaganda 48–51
resources 40, 86, 121–2, 568–9
drive war plans 139–41
iron ore/ metals 160–5, 167, 178
new sources of supply 391–3
occupied countries 392, 397, 570
oil/ fuel 142, 319, 392, 567–8
synthetic fuel production 568
rationing 137, 142
war preparedness 27, 88–90, 131–5
border villages booby trapped 77
civilians and 175
Enabling Law 25
rearmament 14–15
war games cancelled 89
Gestapo 25, 344
Ghormley, Rear-Admiral Robert L., 361
Gibbs, William, Liberty ships production 576–7
Gibraltar, RN base 155, 204, 318, 349–50, 420, 436, 473, 498
Gibson, Guy
14 OTU instructor 629
29 Night Fighter Squadron 429–30
83 Squadron, C-Charlie 74–5
and Berlin raid 359–60
and night-fighting 510–12
Beaufighters 510–12
bombs Antwerp 371
minelaying 195–6
Hamburg attack 308–9
Gilbert, Parker 13
Giovani Fascisti 287
Glenn Martin Maryland reconnaissance aircraft 412
Gloster Gladiator biplanes 383
Gneisenau, battle cruiser 124, 178
bombed in dock 534
HMS Renown attacks 184
in Atlantic 483
Goebbels, Dr Josef 27, 48–50, 300, 302, 360, 453, 515, 523
Goebbels, Frau 17
Gold, Micky 104
Gomelange, evacuation 60
Goodson, James, on torpedoed Athenia 61–3, 64
Göring, Hermann 17, 37, 96, 141, 153, 230
and U-boat arm 480–1
as Luftwaffe commander
and attack on Crete 538, 539, 546
and BEF 262, 304–5
and Berlin raid 360
and Luftflotte battle plans 343–4
on fighters and Stukas 352–4
on UK invasion 328
on UK morale 372
underestimates RAF 305
Forschungsamt intelligence system 45, 344, 395–6
mechanization plans 90–1
not consulted re Weserübung 180, 190
on transport issues 168
restricts Kriegsmarine's steel 524
status/ personality, 22–3, 25, 26, 27, 44–5, 60, 299, 300–1, 328, 364, 379, 393
Gort, General Lord 231
and BEF 101, 261, 262, 269–70
Gott, Brigadier William 'Strafer' 542–3
Government Code and Cypher School see Bletchley Park
Graf Spee, scuttled 125–6
Graziani, Maresciallo Rodolfo 204
Italian 10th Army 380, 385
and Egypt invasion 407, 419–23
Great Depression 13–14
Greece 485, 490
Aliákmon Line 488, 490–1, 503, 518–21
Germany and 436, 486–8, 517–22
Operation Marita 472, 503, 505
Pireus wrecked by Herrmann 505–8
government-in-exile, Cairo 577
Italy and 414–15, 464, 497–8
Mussolini's invasion plans 406–8
surrender 522
Turkey and 490
UK and 436, 486–8, 490–1, 526
RAF in 527–8
Green Howards 36, 53, 98, 342
at Dunkirk 274–5
perimeter protection 267–8
invasion watch 342, 371
Greenland, US bases 482
Greenwood, Arthur 56, 254
Grenadier Guards 58
Griotteray, Andrée xxii, 59
and Paris occupation 290, 292, 296
and resistance 451–2
Gubbins, Colonel Colin, secret Auxiliary Units 367–8
Guderian, General Heinz, Panzer Division 118
Achtung Panzer! 202
and modern warfare 251
and Red Army 364–5
France invasion, 202–3, 212–13, 249, 258, 261–2
Hitler orders halt 262
independence from Kleist 242
organizes own air cover 242–3
mobile tactics discussion 122
gyroscopic gunsights, UK new technology 390–1
Haakon VII King of Norway
and German attack 184
escape to UK 188, 192, 283, 444
Habbaniya RAF base 540
Hague Convention, Prize Rules 67
Haile Selassie 527, 543
Halahan, 'Bull' 1 Squadron CO 244
Halder, General Franz
and Hitler assassination plan 1939 113
and Case Yellow 200, 202–4
and decision to halt panzers 262
and Manstein's plan 131–5
Barbarossa operational plan 566–7, 583
not consulted re Weserübung 180, 190
on army and UK invasion 327–8
on Malta 538
on Rommel wasting resources 516
plans attack west 112–14
Yugoslavia invasion 502–3
Halfaya Pass 527, 543
Halifax 4-engine bombers 589
Halifax, Lord 55, 153, 175
and Trondheim plans 197
as potential PM 220–1
defiant broadcast 329
on seeking peace talks via Italy 271–3
Hamilton, Duke of, Hess and 551
Hampden bombers 74–5, 195–6, 311, 308–9
Hansteen, Axel, Norwegian ski company 197–8
Hansteen, Lt Philip, Norwegian ski company 197–8
Hardy, Ted xxii, 462
Hargest, Colonel James, NZ 5th Brigade 559
Harris, AVM Arthur, sends Gibson to Fighter Command 429–30
Hartog, Cor den 252, 255
Hartog, Korporaal Gerrit den 216–17, 235–6, 445
Hawarden, No. 7 OTU 339
Hawker Siddeley 84
Hemingway, Ernest, Death in the Afternoon 485
Henderson, Neville, visits Hitler 43–4, 45, 46, 48
Herrmann, Major Hajo xxii, 51, 121, 215, 230
bombing operations 331
bombs Piraeus 505–8
injured at Schiphol 386–7
lands at Rhodes 507–8
shot down at Dunkirk 298, 299, 329, 516
Hermann-Göring-Werke, iron and steel works 26
Hess, Rudolf, flight to Scotland; capture 551–2
Heye, Commander, on cruiser war 68
High Frequency Direction Finding system 312
Hillman, Sidney 266, 267, 574
Himmler, Heinrich 17, 137
Hindenburg, General 24–5, 118, 157
Hitler, Adolf 8, 14–15, 17, 22, 31, 25, 153, 328, 393–4
and Berlin raid 360
and other countries
Balkans 434, 436, 502
France 111–14, 296, 326, 414, 453
Greece 436, 538
Norway 211
Poland 37–40, 41
Soviet Union 34–5, 365, 435–6
UK 45, 46, 104, 111–14, 327–9, 371, 434–5, 436–7
USA 502
Yugoslavia 502–3
see also specific countries
Hitler, Adolf (cont.)
assassination plot 1939 113
Berlin architecture plans 34, 326–7
Mein Kampf 24
War Directive No. 23 469, 511
Western offensive plans 96–7
see also Germany
Hitler Youth 122
HMAS Napier, Australian destroyer 563
HMS Acosta, Scharnhorst and 283
HMS Ardent, Scharnhorst and 283
HMS Argus 411, 473
HMS Ark Royal, at Dakar 447
HMS Barham, at Dakar 447
HMS Cossack, and Altmark 126, 163
HMS Courageous 81, 124
HMS Delight 81, 210
HMS Dorsetshire, sinks Bismarck 535
HMS Fiji, sunk at Crete 562
HMS Formidable, torpedo-bombers 500
HMS George V, and Bismarck 534
HMS Glorious,
Scharnhorst and 283
Med Fleet aircraft carrier 411
HMS Gloucester, sunk at Crete 562
HMS Glowworm, attacks Admiral Hipper 183–4
HMS Hardy
blows up Wilhelm Heidkamp 190
sunk 190
HMS Hermes 81
HMS Hood, sunk by Bismarck 534, 535
HMS Hotspur 474
HMS Illustrious
Med Fleet aircraft carrier 412
repeated attacks fail to sink 468, 474
sinks half Italian fleet 417
HMS Jervis, destroyer 536
HMS Kestrel (inland base), Germans claim sinking 125
HMS Kingfisher, submarine hunter 82
HMS Manchester, at Åndalsnes 210
HMS Milan, destroyer 293
HMS Nelson 65, 389
HMS Prince of Wales, and Bismarck 534
HMS Renown, attacks Gneisenau and Scharnhorst 184
HMS Resolution, at Dakar 447
HMS Rodney 65
and Bismarck 534
HMS Scimitar, destroyer, and convoy HX112 492–3
HMS Sheffield, evacuates troops from Åndalsnes 210
HMS Speedwell, at Dunkirk 277
HMS Terror, at Tobruk 489
HMS Upholder, submarine, sinks Conte Rosso, troopship 536–7
HMS Vanoc
and convoy HX112 493, 494–5
sinks U-100 494
HMS Venomous, escorting BEF 81, 82
HMS Walker 477, 493–5
HMS Warspite 190, 417, 499–501
HMS Wolverine, sinks U-47 491
Hochwald Bastion, Maginot Line 78
Holland 231, 252
101 Squadron bombs 331
army 216–17, 235
air force, almost destroyed 252
bans Allied troop movements 107–8
German invasion 86, 211, 216–17, 226–7
fallen 257
German occupation 444–6
government-in-exile 319, 444–5
mobilization 59
Queen and government escape to UK 444
Home Guard 341–2, 366–7
see also Local Defence Volunteers
Hopkins, Harry xxii, 10–11, 22
and rearmament 14–15
and Churchill 456
FDR and 234–5, 266, 295, 351, 413–14, 415, 433
in UK 456–7
on German USSR invasion 593
on US attitudes to war 109
on total war 321
Hossbach, Oberst Friedrich 141
Hudson Motor Company, defence production 431–2
Hudsons, US-built, RAF Coastal Command 470
Hull, bombed but functioning 549
Hull, Cordell 432
Humber force blockade off Norway 110
Hungary, joins Axis 436
Hunter, Harry 399, 424–7
Hurricane fighters 4, 219, 232, 256, 298, 340
lost flying to Malta 473–4
lost in Battle of France 309
RAF Middle East 460, 529
HX convoys, fast, from Halifax, Nova Scotia 477
Iachino, Amiragglio 498–501
Iceland, UK naval/ air bases 482, 525
NEF refuels at 586
Indian Army 84, 98
in Egypt 336, 350, 460
in Iraq 540–1
Sidi Barrani attack 417–3
Syria attack 579–80
Inns of Court TA cavalry 104
invasion watch, RNPS and 368
Iraq 486
al-Gaylani's pro-Axis coup 517, 527, 539–41, 578
rebels, shoot down Blomberg by mistake 540–1
Ireland, Republic of 86
UK defence plans for 388
Ironside, General 'Tiny' 258, 366
on need to evacuate BEF 261
on seizing Swedish mines 162, 163
Ismay, Major-General Hastings 254
Italy 15–19, 30–1, 42–3, 204–5, 404–13, 414–17, 459–66, 551–2
and Abyssinia see Abyssinia
and East Africa/ Somaliland 405, 464, 466, 544, 546
and Greece/ Albania 407–8, 414–15, 434, 497–8, 566
and Libya/ Egypt 170
9th Army in Libya 350
10th Army enters Egypt 380–1, 385, 405
Operation Compass against 417–23
POWs 462
preparing Tripoli defences 471–2
Sidi Barrani defeat 417–23, 433–4
threatening Egypt 358, 380–1, 385, 459–61
army
Alpine Artillery Regiment 497
Ariete Armoured Division, Rommel and 541
bureaucracy 381–2
demobilization for harvest 406
equipment/ kit 383–4, 385, 433
lacking infrastructure 154–5
training 384–5
economy
car ownership 89
copper for Germany 167
development, Mussolini's ambition 279–80
food shortage 406
German coal and UK blockade 155, 157
Hitler's resources offer 47
resources, lack of 86, 155, 381–2
France considers strike against 170
government/ politics
decides will not fight 46–7
decides to enter war 278–80
Fascism 16–15, 287
Germany and 17, 389, 397
monarchy 42
most leaders against war 174
no immediate threat to UK 66
peace conference call 54
Regio Esercito ultimate authority 42
unprepared for war 19, 30–1
war declared 285–8
Pantelleria, Churchill on 464
Regia Aeronautica 409
bombs Malta 383, 405
Ciano in 17
flying school closed down 382–3
outdated aircraft 382
Regia Marina
Battle of Cape Matapan lost 498–501
aborts attack on UK fleet 404
routed at Calabria 381, 404, 411, 498, 499
submarines 383, 404, 479–80
to attack UK fleet 380–1
UK Med Fleet attacks & halves 411–13, 416–17
UK bombs Turin 358–9
Welles visits 152–3
see also Ciano; Mussolini
J. B.White, HX112 merchant ship, survivors 494, 495
James, Sgt 511
Japan
and French Indo-China 389
Germany, Italy, tripartite pact 389
potential threat 66, 86
Sino-Japanese war 389
Jeschonnek, Oberst Hans 300–5, 372, 396
jet engine technology, UK new technology 390–1
Jewish Aid Committee 229
Jodl, General 112
announces Hitler USSR plans 435
on decision to halt panzers 262
plans for UK 327
Jones, R. V., cracks X-Gerät 510
Jottard, Alexis (Belgian air force) 227
dogfight near Brusthem 217–18
UK, 145 Squadron 339
killed 530
Journal de Mobilisation 76
Jürgen, of U-41 127
K98 rifle 115
Kaiser, Henry xxiii
and UK shipbuilding mission 425–7, 458–9
Liberty ships production 575–7
Kammhuber, Oberst Josef, sets up night fighter group 329
Kantzow, Carin von, Göring and 22, 23
Karlsruhe cruiser 174, 191
Keim, John R. 264–5
Keitel, General Wilhelm 38, 47, 437
and decision to halt panzers 262
and Western offensive plans 96, 97, 112, 113
Kenley airfield, raids on 354, 362
Kennedy, Brigadier John 164–5, 388–9, 463–4, 485–6, 487, 526, 588, 589
Kennedy, Joe 153, 234, 485
Keogh, American pilot 338, 531
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert xxiii, 300, 343, 396
Kesselschlacht 200
Kiel Canal blockaded 110
Kielmansegg, Hauptmann Johann von 240
King, Admiral Ernest J., Atlantic Fleet 482
Kippenberger, Colonel Howard, New Zealand 10th Brigade 552
and German Crete invasion 553–4, 559, 561–2, 563
Kirchner, Hans-Hellmuth, Scharnhorst midshipman 282–3
Kleist, General von 213, 242, 503
Knappe, Major Siegfried xxiii, 115, 204
and 24 Artillery Battalion 93–5, 121, 123, 213–14, 261, 292
Knickebein navigation beams 387
Knocke, Heinz xxiii, 437
Knoller, Freddie, refugee 228–30, 237, 449–51
Knox, Frank 324, 432, 574
Knudsen, Bill xxiii, 309
and automobile industry 264–7, 320–4, 431–3
and Merlin engine 390
on civilian/ military production synergy 572–3
Knute Nelson tanker 64
Königsberg, sunk 191
Krauch, Carl, IG Farben 568
Kretschmer, Otto, U-99 401, 403, 523
asks Hitler for more boats 480
taken prisoner 491, 493, 494–6
Kriegsmarine (German navy) 65
and UK 125
blockades 110–11, 140
losses 125–6, 131, 283–4
Narvik attack on ships 282–4
Operation Sealion 328, 341, 343–5, 371, 376, 386
UK Mediterranean Fleet 468
and Weserübung 180–1, 182–4, 189, 190–2
Führerforderung 168
intelligence service, B-Dienst 345
no aircraft carriers 396
no shipbuilding 1940 396
radar 305
Schnellboote 368–9
U-boats see U-boat Force
'Z Plan', programme 67–9, 168
Kristallnacht 44
Kroh, Major 557, 560
Kübelwagen 92
Kubisch, Walter , 186–7
Kynoch, Joseph 'Lofty' xxiii
in Norway 192, 197, 198–9, 208–10
La France, resistance bulletin 451
La Guardia, Fiorello 9
La Panne beach 277
Lady of the Mann ferry boat 275
Laing & Sons 399
Land, Rear-Admiral Emory 'Jerry', US Maritime Commission 424, 426, 458
Laval, Pierre 144, 452–3
Laycock, Peter and Michael 104
Layton, Sir Walter, Ministry of Supply 424
Le Clerq, Noël, and resistance 451
League of Nations 12
Lebanon, Vichy French and 579
Lebensraum, to achieve 24
Leclerc, Général Philippe, Free French
in Libya 577–8
takes Gabon 448
Lee, Colonel Raymond, US Military Attaché 485
Lee, Laurie 147
Lee Enfield short magazine rifles 100
Leeb, General Wilhelm Ritter von 113
Leigh-Mallory, Air Vice-Marshal Trafford 378, 439–40, 530
Lemp, Fritz-Julius
U-110 492–3, 524
U-30, sinks Athenia 69
Lend-Lease 574
Lent, Oberst Helmut xxiii
Nachtjagd-Division 509–10
Staffel 1./ZG 76 178, 180, 186–7
Leopold King of Belgium, surrenders & stays 444
Lettow-Vorbeck, General von 466
Liberty ships production 425–7, 458–9, 575–7
Libya 204, 488
Italians preparing Tripoli defences 471–2
Italy Ninth Army in 350
Rommel in 472–3, 476–7, 501–2, 512–17
Life magazine 455
Lindbergh, Charles 11, 234
Lindemann, Frederick, bombing photographic analysis 590
Liverpool, bombed 511, 549
Local Defence Volunteers (LDV) 281, 316
Loerzer, Generalleutnant Bruno, Fliegerkorps VIII 242–3
logistics, Zeitzler's Rucksack Principle 240
Löhr, General Alexander, and attack on Crete 546, 559
London 153
barrage balloons 56
blackout 57
bombing 371–2, 377–8, 386–9, 395, 405–6, 410, 428, 453, 454–5, 549–50
evacuees 53
Luftwaffe bombs by mistake 359
US correspondents 405
Londoners and evacuation 56
Longmore, Air Marshal Arthur 528
Loraine, Sir Percy 156, 279
Lorenz, Oberfeldwebel 505–8
Lorient, U-boats base 400, 479, 586
Low Countries
attack plans captured 132
FDR orders assets frozen 232
Luchaire, Corinne xxiii, 143–5, 205, 452
Luchaire, Jean 144, 452
Luck, Hauptmann Hans von xxiii, 51, 95–6, 121, 122–3, 202, 584
7. Panzerdivision Reconnaissance 235, 237–8, 249, 289
and Operation Sealion training 341
and Rommel's advance 261–2
at Cambrai 258
takes Fécamp surrender 289
Ludendorff 118
Ludlow-Hewitt, Air Marshal Edgar 196
Luftwaffe 301–4, 480
aircraft losses
August 1940 352–5
Battle of Britain 386
Battle of France 299
Case Yellow 232, 235, 251
Crete 564
to March 1941 512
aircrew, stresses on 363–4, 379, 386–7
and UK/ RAF 300, 395
Adlertag 13 August 344–5, 348–9
and Operation Sealion 343–5
and Dunkirk evacuation 274–8, 297–9
bombing 453
airfields 348–9, 362
London 371–2, 377–8, 386–9, 395, 405–6, 410, 427–9 453, 454–5, 549–50
by mistake 359, 371–2
Pas-de-Calais bases 329, 331, 363
ports 511, 549
radar stations 348
shipping 319, 324, 331, 483
withdraws Stukas 360
UK information on 347–8
and Weserübung 181
Bewegungskrieg 230
Fliegerkorps
attack Illustrious 468, 474
Crete 538, 546
Malta 473
Helle Nachtjagd system 509
operations
Belgium/ France advance 214–15, 242–3
Case Red 288–9
Crete 546
Greece 503, 505–8, 519–21
Malta 501
Mediterranean 436, 537
Poland 59
Tobruk 515
Yugoslavia 503
preparing for Barbarossa 537, 564
sharpening tactics 378–9
Schwerpunkt principle 251–2
strength/ resources 28
aircraft production 168, 340
allied superiority question 86–7, 211
Freya radar 509
intelligence failings 395–6
leadership problems 299–5
navigation beams 387
no radar/ ground controllers 305
no strategic bomber force 301
resource diversion to Rommel 516, 537
training schools shortage 304
X-Gerät, cracked by UK 387, 510–11
Würzburg radar 311
structure, Geschwader; Gruppen; Staffeln 362
see also Göring
Lusitania, torpedoed 1915 69
Lütjens, Admiral Günther 174
Lützow, damaged 186, 191–2
Luxembourg, bans Allied troop movements 107–8
Lympne airfield 348
Lyster, Rear-Admiral Lumley 412, 417
Lyttelton, Oliver xxiii-xxiv, 318–19, 456–7
Controller of Non-Ferrous Metals 158–9
Macintyre, Commander Donald xxiv, 511
and convoy HX112 479, 491–6
escorting BEF 81–2
HMS Hesperus 470, 471
HMS Walker, SOE 477–9
Mack, Captain Philip 536
Macksey, Major-General Pierse 164
MacLachlan, Flt Lt James 473
Maes (Belgian air force), dogfight near Brusthem 217–18
Magini, Maggiore Publio xxiv, 382, 409–10
in Belgium 409
in Tripoli 285–6
Maginot Line 28, 32, 54, 60, 76–7, 106–7, 288
Mahan, Captain Alfred, The Influence of Sea Power upon History 85
Mahlke, Hauptmann Helmut xxiv, 243, 251, 353, 516
bombs Tobruk 515
bombs Channel shipping 331
Crete shipping attack 562
leads I.St/186 attack 214–15
Malta attack 474–6
shot down by AA at Dunkirk 298–9
Maletti, Generale Pietro 423
Malta 486
base for Axis shipping disruption 516, 536, 577
bombing raids on 474–6
Italy bombs 383, 405
Luftwaffe bombs 501
defences 383, 468, 473
Germany considers taking 537–8
RAF in 529
69 Squadron 499
261 Squadron 473
431 Reconnaissance Flight 410, 412–13, 416–17
Royal Navy and 349–50
10th Submarine Flotilla 536–7
Fleet Air Arm torpedo-bombers 473
Mamedoff, American volunteer pilot 338–9, 531
Mandel, Georges 172
Manstein, General Erich von 131–5, 200–4
Manston airfield 348, 362
Margerie, Roland de 294
Marseille, Hans-Joachim 376–7, 427, 437
Marshall, General George C. xxiv, 264, 321, 324–5, 593
on state of US forces 246–8
Martin, Albert 421–3, 462–3, 513, 542, 581
Martini, General Wolfgang 344, 348
Mazzucato, Walter xxiv, 498, 500–1
McNair, General Leslie 'Buck', Chief of Staff 375–5
Mediterranean, Germany and 485–9, 537–9
Mediterranean Fleet 66, 349–51, 411, 404, 486, 536–9
air protection 528–9
Crete evacuation 562–4
Greece evacuation 526
Fairey Swordfish and Italian fleet 417
routs Italians at Calabria 381, 404, 411, 498–501
merchant vessels
Allied merchant ships 355–7, 469
crew rescue, Hague rules 66–7
non-convoy 403–4, 484
see also Atlantic convoys
UK merchant fleet 66, 131, 319
losses 131, 355–7, 398, 458–9
US to build 398–400, 424–7, 458–9
Merksplas refugee camp 229
Merseyside, bombed 511
Messerschmitt, Professor Willi 303
Metallgesellschaft, Lyttelton and 158
Metaxas, Ioannis, Greek PM 436, 486
Metaxas Line 517–18
Meuse crossings 213, 245
Middle East
Germany and 485–9, 512–17
RAF in 529, 591–3
UK and 485–9
see also specific countries
Middle Wallop airfield 352, 362
Middleton, Drew 372
Milch, Feldmarschall Erhard 180, 301, 396, 502, 572–3
military structure 94–5
Misciatelli, Flavio 286–7, 497–8
Misciatelli-Chigi, Pace 286–7, 288, 497–8
MIT Radiation Laboratory 391
Mitford, Diana & Unity 60
Mölders, Werner 300
Molotov, Vyacheslav 21
Molotov cocktails 367
Moltke 118
Monnet, Jean, and UK/France Union 293–4
Montgomery, Major-General Bernard 273
Monzie, Anatole de 172–3
Moordrecht, sunk by U-48 356–7, 403–4
Moore, Eve 629
Moorehead, Alan 433–4, 543–4
Morgan, Brigadier D. R. 197
Morgenthau, Henry Jr 232, 247–6, 432
Morshead, General Leslie 514
Müncheberg, Joachim 475–6
Murrow, Ed 405
Mussolini, Benito 152, 154, 157
politics/ ambitions 551
and rise of Fascism 16–17
and King's authority 42, 46–7
Italian development 279–80
North Africa 279
on world peace 30, 152
and Germany
copper extortion 167
Hitler talks with 157, 166, 295, 414
Pact of Steel 31
parallel war plan 204, 280, 380, 407
Ribbentrop meets 157, 166
and war
and Greece invasion 406–8, 414–15
commanders unenthusiastic 204
declares war 285–8
on whether to enter war 42, 46–7, 154–7, 204–5, 278–80
on Egypt attack 380
offers Italian force for UK invasion 380
rejects UK coal 156
Mussolini, Edda, marries Ciano 17
Narvik
Allies capture 206–7
Allies evacuate 282–3
Gebirgsjäger surrounded 209
iron ore port 160–5, 167, 178–9
UK/ France invasion plan 192–3, 197
Narvik Leads
Kriegsmarine attacks UK ships 282–4
UK to mine 181–2
UK flotilla attacks German force 183–4, 190–2
Nazi party
and military culture 120–2
cinema 50, 515–16
newspapers 50
poor geo-political understanding 328
rise to power 14–15, 23–7
Neame, General Sir Philip, captured 513
Neil, Tom 4
Nelson, Donald 432
Neurath, Baron Konstantin von 141
New Dealers, on war and profit 320, 322
New Zealand army 86, 98
28th Maori Battalion 561
in Crete 552–62
and German paratroopers 553–4, 558–9, 561
rearguard 563
in Greece, rearguard 522
in Egypt 350
in Middle East 336
Newall, Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril 164, 309, 361
Newfoundland Escort Force 525, 585–6
Nibiewa 422–3, 433–4
Nivelles airfield 217
Noble, Admiral Sir Percy 470–1, 494–5, 525, 585–6
Noble, Charlie 149
Norddeutsche Raffinerie 158
North Africa 350, 486, 526
see also Egypt; Libya
North-Eastern Marine Engineering 399
Norway, neutral 160–5, 182
army, and Trondheim plans 197–8
bombers interception 366
central, UK disaster 209–10
France and 205–11
German invasion 134, 173, 178–99, 184–99, 205–11
King, Government & gold evacuated to UK 188, 192, 283
merchant fleet, UK-based 319
ski unit 197–8
UK and Trondheim 206–7
see also Narvik
Notre Temps 144
Nuffield, Lord 309
Nye Committee, on war profiteering 322
O'Connor, Major-General Richard 459, 461, 513
at El Agheila 489
attack on Sidi Barrani 417–23
captured 513–14
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) 37–8, 49, 111–12
Norway feasibility study 179
on naval theatres 468–9
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) 38, 131–3
Offenberg, Flt Lt Jean xxiv, 217–18, 227, 257
145 Squadron 339, 530–3
oil tankers, Lend-Lease 482
Olympics 1936 60
ON(F) convoys 478
ON(S) convoys 478
'One-Dollar-a-Year Men' 321
Operation Battleaxe 579, 580–2
Operation Compass 417–23, 459–63
Operation Dynamo 269–78
Operation Exporter 579–80
Operation Judgement 412–13, 416–17
Operation Sealion 341, 343–5
Operation Weserübung 179–99, 207–11
operational level war 1–5
Operational Training Units, training cuts 365
Orion (liner), Kynoch's platoon on 192
Packard, making Merlin engines 431
Palestine 104, 350, 488
Papagos, General, Greek C-in-C 491
Papen, Franz von 25
Parbery, Sgt Alf, 6th Australian Signals 460–1, 490, 521, 526
Parbery, Reg 460
Pariani, Generale Alberto 42, 155
Paris 153
evacuation 290
military commander 449
police and occupation 290
Paris Peace Conference 12, 14
Park, Air Vice-Marshal Keith, 11 Group 354, 355, 360
and Leigh-Mallory dispute 'Big Wings' 378
and pilot shortage 362, 365, 369–70
begins squadron combat classification 369–70
improving 11 Group's kill/loss ratio 378
leaves Fighter Command 440
Parks, Jim 52
Parrish, Mike 104
Pas-de-Calais
'Forbidden Zone' 449
Luftwaffe bases 329, 331
passenger ships, Hague rules 66–7
Paulus, General Friedrich, and Rommel 517, 541–2
Pavelić, Ante, Croatia Fascist leader 551
Peirse, Air Marshal Sir Richard 590
Pershing, General 246
Pétain, Maréchal Philippe 260, 270, 326
and Hitler 453
and Laval 453
and surrender 291
forms government; surrenders 294–5
Hitler visits 414
refuses to save fleet 295–6
rejects UK/France Union 294
see also Vichy France
Petch, Major, 6th Green Howards 268
Pevensey radar station 348
Pickelhaube 118, 119
Pinerolo cavalry school 382
Pireus wrecked by Herrmann 505–8
plastic explosives, UK new technology 391
Plymouth, bombed but functioning 549
Poincaré, President, Luchaire and 144
Pola, cruiser, hit 501
Poland 21, 33, 33–4, 35
and Red Army passage 21, 33–4
armed forces 18–19
Chamberlain on 43
German invasion 37–40, 43–6, 50–1, 53–7, 77
as training 122, 133
German–Soviet pact and 44
mechanization problems 93
capitulates 78
Poland (cont.)
Germany and 11, 18–19
Nazi propaganda on 50–1
resources 141
non-aggression pacts 18
Russians living in 18
to be divided 44
UK and 43–4, 45–6, 83
USSR invades from east 77
Polish brigade, at Narvik 209
Polish squadrons, RAF 380
Pontiac, military production 431
Pöppel, Gefreiter Martin xxiv, 51, 123, 215–16, 227, 341
in Crete 547–8, 556–7, 557–8, 560, 561, 564
Porsche, Ferdinand, Kübelwagen 92
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles xxiv, 591
Portes, Madame de 294, 326
Portland, Maine, shipyard site 426–7
Portsmouth, bombed 549
Portugal, neutrality assumed 86
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley 65, 411
Powell, 'Darkey' 194–5
power-driven turrets, UK new technology 390–1
Pricolo, Generale 204, 407
Pridham-Wippell, Vice-Admiral 500–1
Prien, Günther, U-47 174, 400, 402, 403, 523
sinks Royal Oak 125
lost 491
Prinz Eugen, in Atlantic 534–5
Prison sans barreaux (film) 144
Prittwitz, General Heinrich von 516
propaganda, Germany 48–51
Prussian military aristocracy 118–20
Prussian military tactics, 200–2, 230
Purvis, Arthur 424
Pyle, Ernie xxiv, 454–5
Quant, Magda, Goebbels' wife 48–9
Queuille, Henri 142
Quisling, Vidkun 179
radar technology 391, 470
Radiation Laboratory, MIT 391
radio, Goebbels and 49–50
Radio Oranje 445
Raeder, Admiral 67–8, 69, 343, 437, 468, 480
attack on UK Narvik ships 282–4
on Norwegian coast bases 179
on lack of ship steel 140
on navy and UK invasion 327
Ramsay, Vice-Admiral Bertram, Operation Dynamo 271–2, 278
Rauter, Brigadeführer Hanns Albin 445–6
Ravelli, Major (Dutch army) 217
regiments, military structure 95
Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) 122
Reichsbahn (rail) crisis 168
Reinhardt, General 238
Reparations Agent 13
Reynaud, Paul xxiv, 207
and no rationing 143
call to arms 79–80
Luchaire and 144
coalition government 172
action proposals 181
and Daladier 221
and Norway action 206
and UK/France Union 294
asks Churchill for air power 253
begs for reinforcements 290–1
fighting on 260, 288–92
on modern warfare 251
on more aircraft for Sedan front 252–3
Spears Churchill's liaison to 270–1
urges Pétain to send French fleet to USA 295–6
visits UK 271
writes to Mussolini 205
resigns 294
arrested 326
Rhine, France/ UK to mine 181
Rhineland 15, 39
Rhodesia, air-training schools 337
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 17, 30, 37, 44, 153, 300
foreign propaganda control 49
meets Mussolini 157, 166, 551
Richthofen, Manfred von 23
Richthofen squadron 299
Riefenstahl, Leni, Triumph of the Will 50
Ringel, Generalmajor Julius, Gebirgsjägerdivision 5., to Crete 547–8
Rivelon, Flt Sgt 528
Rolls-Royce 84
Merlin engine 389–90
Romania
German oil deal 319, 392, 407
joins Axis 436
oilfields, Germany and 420, 537, 546, 567
Rommel, Generalmajor Erwin xxiv 235
and media 515–16
in France 261–2
breaks French defence line 288–9
catches French 1st Armoured Division 249–50
crosses Meuse 238
pushes on to Béthune 259
on British army superiority 259
in Libya 472–3, 476–7, 541
and Tobruk 514–17
halted after Hellfire Pass 527
launches offensive 501–2
supply issues 541–2
wasting resources 516–17
Roon, Oberleutnant Anton von 560
Roosevelt, Eleanor 415
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 10–14, 22, 295
third presidential term 233–4, 351, 413–14, 415–16
and Case Yellow 232–5
and conscription 375
and isolationism 13–14
and Lend-Lease 433, 455–7
and Neutrality law revision 110, 111
and rearmament 14–15
and resources to UK 320–4
and US attitudes to war 109–11
and US rearmament 263–7, 415–16
appeal to refrain from unrestricted warfare 75–6
backs UK/ France barter offers to Italy 278
decides to meet Churchill 594
'Fireside Chats' 453
no peace without Nazi defeat 453–4, 572
on German USSR invasion 593–4
Reynaud begs for support 290
sends Harry Hopkins to UK 456
special envoy to Europe 152
Rosen, Eric von 23
Rösing, Hans-Rudolf, U-48 355–7, 400
Rotherberg Fort, Maginot Line 78
Rotterdam
Fallschirmjäger capture bridges 215–16
KG54 bombs by mistake 252
Royal Air Force 28
Advanced Air Striking Force (AASF) 218–19, 231, 243
air defence/ communication system 40, 395
diversionary bonfires 511
ground control 312
HF/DF system 312
night interception 429–30, 439
Observer Corps 312
radar 311–12
X-Gerät cracked 510–11
warning/ communication systems 311–13
Y service, signal intelligence 346–7
Air Intelligence 346–8
Air Ministry Research Establishment, and night fighting 430
Air Ministry Supply Committee, stockpiling 310
aircraft production 340, 396
Beaverbrook and 309–11
bomber production 589
aircraft repair/ salvage 311
and Battleaxe 592
and German Narvik fleet 182–3, 191–2
and Italian pilots 410
and Mediterranean Fleet 528–9
and Norway invasion 194–7
Bomber Command 308–9, 329, 330–1
10 Squadron 358–9
18 Squadron 330
55 Squadron 460
76 Squadron, Halifaxes 589–90
83 Squadron 74–5, 195–6, 359–60, 371
101 Squadron 330–1
115 Squadron 194–5
and German military production 569–70
accuracy statistics 590–1
photographic analysis 590
bombs Berlin August 1940 359–60
bombs Turin 358–9
crews, losses 308
German targets 358
Hamburg raid 429
leaflet dropping 75, 76
offensive reconnaissance 74–5
Operational Training Units 196–7
targets, Air Intelligence and 347
U-boat pens attack 483
Coastal Command 72, 308, 470, 525
Fighter Command 309–10, 311–13, 369, 530–1, 360
1 Squadron 227–8
29 Night Fighter Squadron 429–30, 509, 510–12
69 Squadron 537
71 'Eagle' Squadron 531
145 Squadron 530
261 Squadron, Malta 473
303 (Polish) Squadron, top-scoring 380
431 Reconnaissance Flight, in Malta 410, 412–13, 416–17, 473
609 Squadron 332–4, 349, 352, 377–8
Polish/ Czech squadrons 380
and Channel shipping 331, 332
German underestimates 305, 345
group/ sector structure 312
losses 308, 354–5
pilots
air-training schools abroad 336–7
training/ innovation 332–4, 365–6
work routines 363–4
squadron establishments 231, 362–3
in France 99
in Greece 519–21, 527–8
RAF/ Army co-operation, Tedder on 592
RAF Middle East 350, 410, 460–1, 529, 589, 592
Royal Aircraft Establishment 361
Royal Armoured Corps 102
Royal Canadian Navy, convoy escorts 482, 525, 585–6
Royal Flying Corps 60
Royal Fusiliers 83–4, 100, 269, 276
pull back to La Panne 277
Royal Military College Sandhurst 83–4
Royal Navy 40 65–6, 81–2, 124–31
Admiralty
and U-boats 72
Churchill at 57, 58, 64–7, 125, 171
Operation Dynamo 269–70
Royal Navy (cont.)
and Weserübung 182–4, 189, 190–2
anti-submarine warfare (ASW) 126
China Station 66
convoy system see Atlantic convoys
Fleet Air Arm see Fleet Air Arm
Flower-class corvettes 478
Home Fleet 66, 368
North Sea blockade 110–11
losses 125
Mediterranean Fleet see Mediterranean Fleet
minesweeping, RNPS and 368
naval shipbuilding 65, 396
Naval Control of Shipping (NCS) 72
Naval intelligence 72
Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC) 72
Radio Intercept Stations 72
Royal Fleet Reserves 82
Royal Navy Patrol Service 368
RN Reserves 82, 368, 477
RN Volunteer Reserves 82, 477
S-class destroyers 478
V-class destroyers 478
Western Approaches Command 469–71
Royal Oak, U-47 sinks 125
Royal Sceptre, merchantman, U-48 and 70–1
Royal Scots Greys, and mechanization 102
Royal Tank Corps 102
Ruge, General Otto, C-in-C Norwegian army 197–8
Rundstedt, Feldmarschall Gerd von 203, 213, 259, 262
Russia see Soviet Union
Sack, Leutnant Günther xxv, 214, 503, 520–1, 583
Salonika 518, 415
Santaniello, Giuseppe xxv, 498
Saturday Evening Post 574
SC convoys, slow, from Sydney, Cape Breton Island 477
Scapa Flow, Home Fleet 66
U-boats attack 124–5
Schacht, Hjalmar 26
Scharnhorst 178, 184, 282–3, 483, 534
Schell, Generalmajor Adolf von xxv, 111, 136, 526
Battle Leadership 90
and motor vehicles 90–3, 98, 566, 568–9
Schell Plan 92, 98
Schepke, Joachim 401, 403, 523
killed in U-100 491, 493, 494
Schlange-Schöningen, Hans xxv, 439
Schleicher, General Kurt von 24–5
Schlieffen 118
Schmid, Oberst 'Beppo' 27, 304, 344, 345, 369, 395
Schmundt, General, and Manstein's plan 133
Schröder, Kurt Freiherr von, Luchaire and 144
Schuller, Oberleutnant, killed at Dordrecht 227
Schultze, Kapitänleutnant 'Vati', U-48 70–1, 126, 128–31, 355
Schutzstaffel (SS) 25, 259
Schwerpunkt 201, 202
Searle, Harry 522
Seattle, Kaiser-Todd shipyard 425–6
Sedan 242–3, 245
Sevareid, Eric xxv
leaves Paris 289–90, 292
on fatal dogfight 256
on London blitz 405–6
on Maginot Line 106–7
visits Benelux countries 108–9
Seyss-Inquart, Reichskommissar Arthur, and Holland 445–6
Shaw, Lt-Col Arnold 53
Sherwood Rangers Yeomanry 4, 103–4, 489
at Tobruk 514, 582
in Libya 513
in Palestine 350
to Crete and Tobruk 488
Sicherheitsdienst (SD) Göring and 25, 344–5
Sidi Barrani 385, 421–2, 433–4
Siegfried Line (Westwall) 91, 139, 168
Sino-Japanese war 389
Skinner, John E. 9–10
Slessor, Air Commodore John 336
SL convoys, from Freetown, Sierra Leone 477
Slovakia, joins Axis 436
Smart, Air Vice-Marshal Harry, fortifies Habbaniya 540
Smyth, Flt Lt Tony xxv
55 Squadron, attacks Bardia 460
101 Squadron 330–1
and Norway invasion 194–5
takes Blenheims to Egypt 410
Sonsteby, Gunnar xxv
Soddu, Generale Ubaldo 406–8
Somerville, Vice-Admiral James, destroys French fleet 317–18
Somua tanks 79
Sonsteby, Gunnar 188, 197–8
South Africa 86, 98
air-training schools 337
Southampton, bombed 549
Soviet Union 21
and Finland 151, 162–5, 164
and Poland 18, 21, 44, 77–8
Baku oilfields 568
France, UK, military talks 20–2, 28–30, 33–4
and Germany
Hitler plans to attack 435–6, 485–6, 526, 552, 564, 565–71, 584, 593–4
objective, economic 567–71, 583
food to be diverted to Germany 570–1
non-aggression pact 22, 34–5, 37, 43, 44, 151
trade agreement 166
Red Army
Barbarossa plan and 567
leadership purged 21, 435
passage across Poland 21, 33–4
Spaatz, Colonel Carl, US air attaché 334–6, 358, 360–1, 372
Spaeth, Karl 136
Spain 38, 85, 318, 345, 420
Spears, Lt-Gen Sir Edward xxv, 27–8, 32–3, 35, 55, 57, 290, 294
Anglo-French Committee 80–1
Churchill's liaison for de Gaulle 446–7
Churchill's liaison to Reynaud 270–1
in Cairo 577
meets French about Rhine 171–2
talks with Daladier 182
Speer, Reichsminister Albert xxv, 34–5, 39, 44, 326–7
Sperrle, General Hugo 242
Spitfire factories 310–11, 529–30
Spitfire Fund, Wilhelmina buys squadron 444–5
Stachiewicz, General, on Red Army passage 21, 33–4
Stalin 20–1, 435
and Churchill 590, 593
Stavanger, 115 Squadron attacks 194–5
Steinhoff, Hauptmann Johannes 'Macky' xxv, 299–300, 305, 329, 364, 427
and night fighting 430, 509–10
confronts Göring 364
Stettinius, Edward R. Jr 266, 267, 432
Stewart, Captain, 6th Australian Signals 461
Still, Pilot Officer 'Oofy' 528
Stimson, Henry L. xxv, 323–4, 375, 432, 574, 593
Stirling 4-engine bombers 589
Stonne, changes hands 17 times 258
Street, 'A. G.' xxv, 371, 588
and farming modernization 146–7, 148–50
and Home Guard 281, 341
Farmer's Glory 147
on farming as defence 145
Street, Pamela 147
Stresemann, Gustav, Luchaire and 144
Student, General Kurt, Fliegerkorps XI, attack on Crete 538, 546, 559, 560–1
Stuka dive-bombers 225
losses over UK 353
withdrawn 386, 360
Stülpnagel, General Carl-Heinrich von 113
Stülpnagel, General Otto 449
Stumpff, General Hans-Jürgen 300
submarines 67, 69, 536–7
Italian 383, 404, 479–80
see also U-boats
Sudan Defence Force 350, 464
Sudetenland 11, 39, 108
Suez Canal 170
Suhren, Gerd 70
Suhren, Korvettenkapitän Reinhard 'Teddy' xxv-xxvi, 126–31
U-48 69–71, 355–7, 400–2
U-564 586, 481
Sultan Star, hit by U-48 128
Sunderland flying boats 470
Supermarine (Spitfires) 310
Support Force, Atlantic Fleet 482
Supreme War Council 181–2, 206–7, 208–9, 293, 315–16
Sweden, iron ore
denied to Germany 206–7
mines, proposed seizure 162–5
supplies to Germany 160–5, 167
Swedish freighter, U-48 and 70
Sylt 178, 186
Syria
Vichy-controlled 420, 527, 577–80
Vichy surrender 589
Takoradi route 460
Tannenberg, Hitler's HQ 327
Taranto, Italian fleet attacked at 412–13, 416–17
Tavoni, Colonnello 497
Taylor, Eric, shot down by Müncheberg 475–6
Tedder, Air Marshal Sir Arthur xxvi, 487
AOC RAF Middle East 460
demands more aircraft 528, 591–3
Territorial Army 35–6, 84
Thermopylae, UK forces fall back to 521
Thomas, General Georg xxvi, 90, 567
on holding out for peace 167, 168
on USA threat 572
USSR Hunger Plan 571
on iron ore 178
Thompson, Robert Cyril xxvi
and Liberty ships production 576–7
innovative ship design 398–400, 424–7, 459
survives Western Prince 458–9
Thompson, Joseph L. 399
Thorney Island 410
Thrace 488
Time magazine 89, 431, 432
Times, The, on Kristallnacht 44
Tirpitz, Admiral 119
Tizard, Sir Henry 390–1
Tobin, Eugene 'Red', American pilot 338–9
at Middle Wallop 351–2, 377
RAF 71 'Eagle' Squadron 531
Tobruk
55 Squadron attacks 460
German failed attack 541
Sherwood Rangers to 488–9
surrender 461
Todt, Fritz, Minister for Ammunition 168–9
Topp, Erich, U-46; U-57 xxvi, 51, 173–4, 190–1, 467
Town-class destroyers, US-built 469–70
Trautloft, Johannes 300
Treaty of Versailles 12, 15, 16, 18
Trento, heavy cruiser 499
Tresckow, General Henning von, and Manstein's plan 133
Trieste, heavy cruiser 499
tripartite talks 20–2
Tripoli 487, 489, 536
Italian defences 471–2
Trondheim
Allies capture 206–7
pincer movement failed 209
UK/ France plan for 193, 197–8
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail 20–1
Tunisia, Italy threat to 170
Turin, Whitleys attack 358–9
Turing, Alan 346
Turkey 420, 490
U-30 491
sinks Athenia 69
U-37 493–4
U-41, sunk 127
U-43 401
U-46 51, 174, 190–1
U-47 174, 400, 401–2
sinks Royal Oak 125
lost 491
torpedoes fail at Narvik 191
U-48 69–72, 126–7, 73, 127–31, 355–7, 400–2
advanced radio equipment 400
and depth charges 129–31
and Weserübung 181
torpedoes fail at Narvik 190–1
U-57, sunk by Norwegian steamer 467
U-65 401
U-74, and convoy HX112 493–4
U-96, sinks Western Prince 458–9
U-99
convoy HX112, hit/ scuttled 491, 493, 494–5
hits Elmbank 401
U-100 401–2, 484, 491, 493, 494
U-110, Enigma machine/ codebooks captured 524–5, 533
U-564, and convoy HX133 586
U-boat force 67–72, 73, 124–31, 397, 400–4, 467, 470, 479–81, 525
and 'Z Plan' 67, 69
and Weserübung 180–1
at Narvik 190–1, 199
building increase 168
convoy sinkings early 1941 483
improved torpedoes 355
losses March 1941 523
maintenance workers 587
Norwegian campaign 173–4, 179, 284
pens, Atlantic coast 479, 483
Western Approaches 355–7
Udet, Ernst 60–1, 301–5, 396
Ultra decrypts, Bletchley Park 499
United Kingdom 27–30, 35–6, 55–6, 219–21, 314–24
Battle of Atlantic Committee 484
Chiefs of Staff
'European Appreciation, 1939–40' 86–7
Staff, expect invasion 280–1
Churchill's War Cabinet 254
Commandos 420
food/ agriculture
arable farming 148–9
dairy farming 146–7
agriculture decline, reversing 145–50
Dig for Victory campaign 150–1
garden produce 150–1
food production success 588
food rationing postponed 150
home front 145–50
imports 70% 145
sheep vs. pigs 140
France, union with rejected by French Council of Ministers 294
German invasion expected 280–2, 370
preparations 1941 549–50
intelligence organizations 346–8
Luftwaffe bombing 427–9, 453, 550
military planning/ strategy 101–2
Atlantic supply lines 420
build up bomber force to attack Germany 420
mobilization 35–6, 52–3, 58
undermine Nazi occupation with special forces 420–1
technology not manpower 315
military intelligence units 346
military production
aircraft production 309–11
aircraft repair/ salvage 311
armaments industry 84
bomber production 591–2
exceeds German 315
funding US armaments business 110–11, 389–1
new technology secrets passed to USA 390–1
ordnance factories 104
Spitfire Fund 444–5
Liberty ships production (in USA) 425–7, 458–9, 575–7
Ministry of Economic Warfare 420–1
Operation Brevity 542–3
Operation Compass 459–63
Operation Dynamo 269–78
ports, bombed but functioning 511, 549
resistance units, secret Auxiliary Units 367–8
resources
and metals 157–60, 319
and Swedish iron ore 160–5
car ownership 88–9
manpower 41
oil supplies 419–20
petrol rationing 150
reserve assets 432–3
war as battle of supplies 157–65
wealth/ trading network 40–1
Special Operations Executive (SOE) 421
USSR, talks 20–2, 28–30, 33–4
volunteers arrive 337–40
war and civil population 57–9
air raid shelters 428
anti-aircraft fire 387
gun-laying radar 511
cities, evacuees 58
billeting 149
civilians confident 175
conscription, limited 85–6, 87
National Service (Armed Forces) Act 98
Ground Control of Interception (GCI) radar 430
night defences 387
rail transport disruption 162
USSR see Soviet Union
United States of America 319–24, 373–6, 413, 415–16, 455–7
and war 109–11
ABC1 secret war plans against Axis 481–2
and rearmament 14–15
conscription 375, 389
isolationism, 12–14, 233–4
military reduction 14
Neutrality Act 1937 14–15, 86, 110
amended 572
Roosevelt's military budget approved 246–9
security, and European war, FDR on 233
support for allies discussed 246–9
arms industry 322
aircraft production 396
Automotive Committee for Air Defense 431
expansion to meet UK orders 320–4
motor industry and war production 431–3
warship production 396
arms production for/ sales to UK
armaments production for UK 572
cash-and-carry arms sales proposal 110, 111
Curtiss Tomahawks to RAF Middle East 529
50 destroyers for UK 351
merchant 'Liberty' ships 398–400, 424–7, 458–9, 575–7
metals/ oil from USA 319
UK funding armaments business 389–1
USA/ UK Lend-Lease 433, 455–7, 482, 502
government, power shift from Congress to President 263–4
London correspondents 405
Navy and RCN to help escort convoys 482
Atlantic Fleet 482
and Europe interwar 11–14
and Japan's tripartite pact 389
as threat to Germany 572–3
car ownership 89
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) 574–5
Hitler on 502
National Defense Advisory Commission (NDAC) 264–7, 320–1
Office of Production Management (OPM) 574
Selective Service Bill 375
Tizard Mission to 390–1
unions and Fair Labor Standards Act 574
US Army
1st Infantry Division 373–5
General Headquarters 375
Universal Carriers 99, 101
University Air Squadron, Edinburgh 61
USS Tuscaloosa 433, 455
Valle, Generale 155
Ventnor radar station 348
Verity, Hedley 52–3, 175, 342–3
Vian, Captain Philip, and Altmark 163
Vichy France Government
and Africa 447–8
and joining Axis 453
in Lebanon 579
in Metropolitan France 448–9, 452–3
in Syria 420, 527, 577–80, 589
Vickers Aviation 84, 310
Newcastle, Luftwaffe bombs/ misses 331
Vickery, Commander Howard 424
Vinson-Trammell Act, suspended 322–3, 324
Vittorio Emanuele III 42–3, 46–7, 152, 279
Vittorio Veneto, battleship 498, 499, 500–1
Völkische Beobachter 50
Volkswagen 92
Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment 33
Vuillemin, Général 80
Waffen-SS 214, 258
Wall Street Crash 1929 13
War Agricultural Executive Committees 145, 147, 148
War Cabinet split 26 May 271–3
War Economics and Armaments Office (WiRüAmt) 90
Warburton, Pilot Officer Adrian xxvi, 412–13, 416, 473, 499, 537
Warlimont, General Walter xxvi, 37–9, 47, 96, 211, 262, 502, 539
and French surrender 292–3, 295
and Hitler USSR plans 435
and OKW 111–12, 468
and plans for UK 327
and Western offensive plans 96–7
on Malta 537–8
on Vichy joining Axis 453
on Weserübung 180, 190
Wavell, General Sir Archibald 350, 513, 536
and Churchill 463–4, 466, 486, 588, 591, 592
and Crete 554–6
and de Gaulle, and Syria 577–80
and Greece 486, 488
and Iraq 527, 539–41
moved to India 588
Operation Compass 417–23
Webster, Pilot Officer 366
Wehrmacht 94, 95, 527
equipment 115–18
artillery, horse-drawn 93–4, 115
mechanization 88–97, 98
Panzer tanks 3–4, 79, 103, 115, 203
personal weapons 115
uniforms, 118, 120–2, 121–2
in France/ Low Countries 174, 258
Case Red 288–9
Case Yellow 200–4, 211–78
Armeegruppe A 202–3, 261, 288
and Meuse obstacles 213
170-mile queue 238–9
Armeegruppe B, diversionary thrust 134–5, 213–17, 235, 257, 262, 288
enters Paris 292, 293
Gebirgsjäger 207
Panzer divisions 235, 237–8, 240–3, 249, 250, 288–9
Panzergruppe Kleist 238–43, 249–53
Panzerkorps Guderian 235–43, 249–53
Panzerkorps Hoth, at Dinant 134–5, 235–43, 249, 288
Panzerkorps Reinhardt 238–9, 250
Landwehr units 204
operations
Barbarossa 566
Crete 547, 553–4, 556–8, 560–1, 564
Greece 490, 503, 505, 517–22
Libya 472–3, 476–7
Norway 186, 189, 211
Operation Sealion training 341
Yugoslavia 503
reservists 342
training/ values 122–3, 204, 211, 341–3
military discussions 122
negotiated peace hopes 96
old-fashioned values 118–20
Weimar Republic 14
Welchman, Gordon 346
Welles, Sumner, fact-finding mission 152–3
Wellington bombers 300, 305, 194–5, 460
Welsh Guards, at Dunkirk perimeter 274
Wenck, Major 249
Wendel, Else 438
Western Approaches Command 525, 484
and NEF 585–6
Convoy Instructions (WACIs) 525
Western Desert 421–3, 433–4, 459–63
Operation Battleaxe failure 579, 580–2
Rommel and 512–17
Western Desert
Western Prince, sunk by U-96 458–9
Wever, General Walther 300–1
Weygand, Général 260–1, 270–1, 276–7, 288–90
and surrender 291–2
demands reinforcements 291
in Algeria 577
rejects UK/France Union 294
Wick, Helmut 532
Widdows, Wing Commander Charles 510, 511
Wietersheim, General von 238
Wight-Boycott, Lt-Cmdr Vere xxvi, 81, 126, 150, 210
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 119–20
Wilhelmina, Queen of Netherlands 444
Wilhelmshaven blockaded 110
Wilkinson, Peter, and Auxiliary Unit 368
Willkie, Wendell 351, 413–14, 415
Wilson, Woodrow 11–12, 14, 18, 264
Winant, John, US Ambassador 485, 593
Wingate, Orde 464
Winkelman, General Henri (Dutch army) 216
Winkleigh freighter, U-48 and 71
Woodhall, Group Captain 'Woody' 533
Woodring, Harry 247, 323
Yeomanry cavalry regiments 103–4
Young, Owen 13
Yugoslavia 502
and Axis 436, 502
Germany and 502–3, 517–22
Italy and 406–7
Zeitzler, Oberst Kurt, Panzergruppe Kleist 239–40
Zurn, U-48 128, 129
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