The 'twist' is the total inversion of the story. We readers thought that we were reading a story about survival, in which the survival of the material world, of the mind and body of a profoundly materialistic man whose very nickname, 'Pincher', implies grabbing, is the drama and chief concern. It seems to be a novel rather like one of the earliest novels ever written: Robinson Crusoe – a novel about marooning and survival. Shockingly, in the last pages we learn in a few brutal phrases that the story was not, as we thought, about life, but was all along about dying a death so fast that the narrator did not even have time to kick off his seaboots and swim, but was dragged down to drown, and the story which we have followed was nothing more than his last anguished thoughts, as drowning men are said to have.
This is much more profound and thought-provoking than a mere 'twist in the tail' trick. It means that we the reader have been like Pincher, fretting about water and anemones, rocks, seals and seagulls, and it has all been the last illusion of a dying consciousness. Our reading experience is further devalued because Pincher slowly reveals himself as a wicked man – a rapist and a murderer. This novel, on which we have spent some hours of our time, is the final misunderstanding of a man who has made many mistakes. Not until the very last moment does he begin to learn – the turbulent condition of the island is the turmoil of his drowning, but he never knows this, just as he never knows his own nature, his love for Nat, the beauty of Mary, or the wisdom that Nat would have volunteered. It is only at the moment of his death that he sees truly at last – and all he sees, all he can see, is a dark lightning.
Our reading experience of this novel makes us reflect on reading in general. In all novels the narrator persuades us of a reality and we volunteer to be drawn in. Golding exposes the whole complicit delusion of reading any novel when the Pincher Martin narrator, that we have believed and trusted, turns out to have been dead all along. With the outstanding confidence of a great novelist, Golding at once sets another scene: another island, another naval crew, which we are again supposed to read as a reality. Some parts of this new story are told in conversation, but overall the story is described by an omniscient narrator who – once again – we trust. It is no accident that the last lines of dialogue, the only 'live' dialogue of the novel, are a misunderstanding, when Mr Campbell asks the officer Mr Davidson if there is any sort of afterlife, if the corpse had 'lived' among the decay of the lean-to; and the naval officer replies that the death was too quick for suffering. In this layered world that Golding has created, there are illusions and misunderstandings, but nothing is certain.
Nothing is certain and nothing is clear! I love this novel dearly; but it has puzzled many readers, and there was much that I did not understand at a first reading, nor still now after many re-readings. I confess too that I had to read criticism of the book to learn that the island with its meticulous description of the detail is Pincher's own mouth, his missing tooth. His egoism is such that when he is trying to imagine his survival, he imagines his own body; his illusions are random facts that he can remember. This is not an easy book to read in any way, not for comprehension, not for entertainment.
So why do I like it so much? Firstly, I think this is a novel by an author at the peak of his ability, uncompromising in the pursuit of the story he wants to tell. It is absolutely convincing even when it is describing the wildest of delusions. The collapse of Pincher's consciousness is meticulously mapped. It would be hard to imagine a more powerful study of a single mind under pressure. The terror of madness is always a powerful motif in a novel, since the novel itself is a sort of madness: the reader enters into an imaginary world and experiences profound emotions about things that are not real. Many novels that describe a narrator's slide into madness do so by studying an individual entrapped by intensely described others. But in this novel there are very few characters at all, and they are seen only and exclusively through the darkness of Pincher's vision, they are symptoms more than characters. Mary, the woman he desires, is viciously caricatured and her struggle against his assault shown in the most unsympathetic light. The friend that he deeply loves, Nat, is introduced to the reader as a fool, described as an insect. In one of the rare honest declarations, Pincher knows that he loves and hates Nat.
Many readers find Pincher easy to dislike, and it is a triumph by the author to have us stay in the company of a hateful and untrustworthy narrator. Only in his descriptions of his childhood is he a sympathetic character. He is never clear about his suffering at the hands of his mother, but Golding tells us enough to suggest that the dangerous man was a damaged child. Only at the end of the novel, as a vital part of the inversion of the story, does Golding show us Christopher Martin – as his identity disc names him – not Pincher, of the greedy claw hands. We see Christopher as a body worth recovering, not a murderer marooned on a barren rock. We see the young man who gave his life for his country and not the actor who tried to cheat his way out of service, and we see other men also damaged by war: the naval officer who does his work with the help of drink, his men who are promised a measure of rum for carrying the corpse, and the crofter who has had nightmares since the body was washed ashore.
The end of the novel offers us a hard spiritual truth. Mr Campbell asks if there is any 'surviving' – he seems to mean is Christopher Martin as dead and decaying as his last home, the collapsing lean-to? Mr Davidson answers in terms of suffering and says that the death was so quick that Christopher Martin drowned before he could kick off his boots. We the reader, know better. We know that in those seconds there was great suffering, a suffering that seemed to Christopher to go on for days, in which he reviewed his life and understood some of it. His last moments as he realized that the dark lightning that had come for him, was Nat's earlier description of heaven:
Take us as we are now and heaven would be sheer negation ... A sort of black lightning destroying everything that we call life.
What Nat describes is not easy to understand, but it is – as he says – what heaven must be for sinners. Martin cannot see heaven, but he can see a compassionate end to the terrible ego that is himself. Martin knew at the end that though he hated Nat, he loved him too, and his final vision was that the dark lightning had come for him 'in a compassion that was timeless and without mercy'.
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