一个自然爱好者,
他外在的知觉和内心的感触是相互协调的,
甚至在他成年以后,
依然拥有一颗童心。
在他看来,与天地的接触,
是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,
只要身处大自然中,
不管生活中遭遇多大的悲痛,
内心总会产生巨大的快乐。
月亮升起来
Spell of the Rising Moon
皮特·斯坦哈特 / Peter Steinhart
皮特·斯坦哈特(1785—1851)美国博物学家,作家。他曾是以奥特朋(1785—1851,美国鸟类学家,画家及博物学家)命名的杂志的编辑及专栏作家,并且一干就是20年。他的作品曾被很多报刊采用,如:《纽约时报》《洛杉矶时报》《琼斯妈妈》等。
There is a hill near my home that I often climb at night. The noise of the city is a far-off murmur. In the hush of dark I share the cheerfulness of crickets and the confidence of owls. But it is the drama of the moonrise that I come to see. For that restores in me a quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.
From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul.
Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it become full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise. To have understood the moon’ s patterns from experience must been a profound thing.
But we, who live indoors, have lost contact with the moon. The glare of street lights and the dust of pollution veil the night sky. Though men have walked on the moon, it grows less familiar. Few of us can say when the moon will rise tonight.
Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence. And the moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch.
I learned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains. My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and alone. The sun had set, and I was watching what seemed to be the bright-orange glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, the ridge itself seemed to burst into flame. Then, the rising moon, huge and red and grotesquely mishappen by the dust and sweat of the summer atmosphere, loomed up out of the woods.
Distorted thus by the hot breath of earth, the moon seemed ill-tempered and imperfect. Dogs at nearby farmhouses barked nervously, as if this strange light had wakened evil spirits in the weeds.
But as the moon lifted off the ridge it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemed to draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the color of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscape. The dogs, reassured that this was the familiar moon, stopped barking. And all at once I felt a confidence and joy close to laughter.
The drama took an hour. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties. To watch it, we must slip into an older, more patient sense of time. To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves. Our imaginations become aware of the vast distances of space, the immensity of the earth and huge improbability of our own existence. We feel small but privileged.
Moonlight shows us none of life’ s harder edges. Hillsides seem silken and silvery, the oceans still and blue in its light. In moonlight we become less calculating, more drawn to our feelings.
And odd things happen in such moments. On that July night, I watched the moon for an hour or two, and then got back into the car, turned the key in the ignition and heard the engine start, just as mysteriously as it had stalled a few hours earlier. I drove down from the mountains with the moon on my shoulder and peace in my heart.
I return often to the rising moon. I am draw especially when events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my life. This happens often in the fall. Then I go to my hill and await the hunter’ s moon, enormous and gold over the horizon, filling, the night with vision.
An owl swoops from the ridge top, noiseless but bright as flame. A cricket shrills in the grass. I think of poets and musicians. Of Beethoven’ s “Moonlight Sonata” and of Shakespeare, whose Lorenzo declaims in The Merchant of Venice, “How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! /Here will we sit and let the sounds of music/Creep in our ears.” I wonder if their verse and music, like the music of crickets, are in some way voices of the moon. With such thoughts, my citified confusions melt into the quiet of the night.
Lovers and poets find deeper meaning at night. We are all apt to pose deeper questions — about our origins and destinies. We indulge in riddles, rather than in the impersonal geometries that govern the daylight world. We become philosophers and mystics.
At moonrise, as we slow our minds to the pace of the heavens, enchantment steals over us. We open the vents of feeling and exercise parts of our minds that reason locks away by day. We hear, across the distances, murmurs of ancient hunter and see anew the visions of poets and lovers of long ago.
有一座小山就坐落在我家附近,我常常会在夜间去爬山。到了山上,城市里的嘈杂就会变成远方的低语。在安静的黑夜里,我能够感觉到蟋蟀的欢乐和猫头鹰的自信。不过,看月出才是我爬山的目的,重新找回在城市中轻易就迷失的那种宁静与纯真。
在小山上,我看过很多次月出。每次月出都是各有风情,不尽相同。秋日里,圆圆的月亮露出丰收的自信;春风中,月亮灰蒙蒙地表达着羞涩;冬日里,冰轮般的月亮孤独地悬在漆黑的空中;夏日中,橘黄色的月亮朦朦胧胧地俯瞰着干燥的田野。每一种月亮都似精美的音乐,感动我的心灵,抚慰我的灵魂。
赏月是一种古老的艺术。远古时代的猎人,对空中月亮的了解如同知晓自己的心跳一样,丝毫不差。他们熟悉29天中的每个月亮,月亮会由明亮饱满变得萎缩,直至消失,然后再次复活;他们知道,月盈期间,每经日落,头顶的月亮就会显得更高更大;他们还知道,月亏期间,月出一日更比一日迟,直到有一天,太阳升起时仍不见月亮的踪迹。古人能根据经验知道到月亮的行踪变化,真是造诣颇深的事情。
但生活在室内的我们,已经失去和月亮的联系。城市耀眼的街灯、玷污的烟尘遮蔽了原本晴朗的夜空。人类虽已在月亮上迈出了第一步,反而对月亮变得更加陌生。没有几人能说得出今晚月亮何时升起。
无论如何,月亮仍然牵挂着我们的心。如果不经意间看到刚刚升起的、大大的、黄澄澄的满月,谁都会情不自禁地停下来,一睹她高贵的姿容。而月亮也会赐予观看她的人礼物。
在7月山间的一个夜晚,我得到了她的礼物。车子莫名其妙地熄了火,我一个人束手无策地被困在山中。太阳已经落山了,我看到东边山头闪出一团橘红色的光线,好像森林着火一样。刹那间,山头也被火焰吞噬。过了一会儿,月亮突然从密林中探出涨红的大大的脸,夏日空气中弥漫的尘雾与汗气,使月亮显得有些荒谬的变形。
大地灼热的呼吸扭曲了它,月亮变得格外暴躁,不再完美。不远处,农舍里的狗紧张地乱叫起来,好像这奇怪的光亮唤醒了野草中的魔鬼。
然而,随着月亮慢慢爬上山头,它聚合了全身的坚定与威严;它的面孔也从红变成了橘黄,又变成金色,最后成为淡淡的黄。月亮不断地上升,下面的丘陵山谷逐渐暗淡朦胧,好像大地的光亮让月亮渐渐吸走了似的。待到皓月当空,圆圆的月亮洒下象牙般乳白的清辉,下面的山谷在这样的风景里,形成了一片片幽深的阴影。这时,那些乱叫的狗才打消了疑虑——原来那团光是它们熟悉的月亮——停止了吠叫。在那一刻,我忽然觉得信心十足,心情欢畅,禁不住笑了起来。
整整一个小时,我都沉浸在这奇美的景观里。月出是缓缓而又充满微妙的。要想欣赏月出,我们得退回到过去的时代,带着一种对时间有耐心的心态去欣赏。看着月亮毫无顾忌地不断攀升,我们能找到内心少有的宁静。我们的想象力能让我们感到宇宙的广阔和大地的无限,忘却自己的存在,感觉自我的渺小,却又深感自己的独特。
月光从不向我们展示生活的艰辛。山坡好像在银色月光下披上了柔和的轻纱。在月光的照耀下,海水显得碧蓝而静谧。沉浸在月光中,我们不再像白天那般精于算计,而是沉浸在自我内心的情感之中。
正当我陶醉于月色之美时,奇妙的事情发生了。就是在7月的那个夜晚,我看了一两个小时的月景后,回到车里,再次转动钥匙发动汽车时,发动机出人意料地响了起来,和几个小时前熄火时一样蹊跷而神秘。我开着车沿着山路回家,月光洒在肩上,心中满是平静。
从那以后,我常常会到山上看月出。当成堆的事务渐渐平息,生活逐渐明朗,这时常发生在秋季,我就会爬上那座小山。我等着猎人之月的出现,等着金色丰盈的月亮俯照大地,给黑夜带来光明。
一只猫头鹰静悄悄地从山头俯冲而下,却在月色下如火光闪过。一只蟋蟀在草丛中尖声歌唱,我不由得想起了诗人和音乐家——贝多芬的《月光奏鸣曲》和莎士比亚笔下的《威尼斯商人》中洛伦佐的话:“月光沉睡在这岸边多么迷人!我们要坐在这里让音乐之声,潜入我们的耳内。”我不清楚他们的诗篇与音乐是否与蟋蟀的歌声相似,在某种程度上可以算做月的声音。想到这些,城市生活带给我的昏乱心绪,便在夜的宁静中消失了。
恋人和诗人在夜里能寻找到更深奥的生活意义。其实,我们都爱问一些深奥的问题——关于我们的祖先、我们的命运。我们只想纵容这些永远找不到答案的谜团,不喜欢那些主导着白天世界的、没有情感的几何教科书。在夜里,我们都成为哲学家和神秘家。
当月亮升起之时,我们放慢思想,让它追随天堂的脚步。不经意间,一种魔力就会遍布全身。我们会敞开情感之门,让白天被理智束缚的那部分思绪自由奔涌。我们能跨越遥远的时空,听远古猎人的细语,看久远时代恋人与诗人们眼中的世界。
心灵小语
月圆月缺,总是牵挂着我们的心绪。当月亮升起之时,我们放慢思想,让它追随天堂的脚步。
记忆填空
1. There have been broad, confident harvest__ in autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, winter moons__ into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of__ .
2. I drove down from the mountains with the moon on my__ and peace in my__ .
3. I wonder__ their verse and music, like the music of crickets, are in some way__ of the moon.
佳句翻译
1. 每一种月亮都似精美的音乐,感动我的心灵,抚慰我的灵魂。
译__________________
2. 月光从不向我们展示生活的艰辛。
译__________________
3. 其实,我们都爱问一些深奥的问题——关于我们的祖先、我们的命运。
译__________________
短语应用
1. But we, who live indoors, have lost contact with the moon.
contact with:与……接触,与……联系
造__________________
2. Dogs at nearby farmhouses barked nervously, as if this strange light had wakened evil spirits in the weeds.
as if:好像
造__________________
冬日漫步
A Winter Walk
亨利·大卫·梭罗 / Henry David Thoreau
亨利·大卫·梭罗(1817—1862),散文家、超验主义哲学家。出生于美国以超验主义中心著称的康科德,并在那儿度过了大半生。梭罗毕生以超验主义作为自己的生活原则,并将之发挥到极致;他一生未娶,曾隐居瓦尔登湖两年有余,过着与世隔绝的生活,并在湖边的木屋里写下了著名的《瓦尔登湖》一书。
The wind has gently murmured through the blinds, or puffed with feathery softness against the windows, and occasionally sighed like a summer zephyr lifting the leaves along, the livelong night. The meadow mouse has slept in his snug gallery in the sod, the owl has sat in a hollow tree in the depth of the swamp, the rabbit, the squirrel, and the fox have all been housed. The watch-dog has lain quiet on the hearth, and the cattle have stood silent in their stalls. The earth itself has slept, as of it were its first, not its last sleep, save when some street sign or woodhouse door has faintly creaked upon its hinge, cheering forlorn nature at her midnight work—the only sound awake twixt Venus and Mars—advertising us of a remote inward warmth, a divine cheer and fellowship, where gods are met together, but where it is very bleak for men to stand. But while the earth has slumbered, all the air has been alive with feathery flakes descending, as if some northern Ceres reigned, showering her silvery grain over all the fields.
We sleep, and at length awake to the still reality of a winter morning. The snow lies warm as cotton or down upon the window sill; the broadened sash and frosted panes admit a dim and private light, which enhances the snug cheer within. The stillness of the morning is impressive. The floor creaks under our feet as we move toward the window to look abroad through some clear space over the fields, we see the roofs stand under their snow burden. From the eaves and fences hang stalactites of snow, and in the yard stand stalagmites covering some concealed core. The trees and shrubs rear white arms to the sky on every side; and where were walls and fences, we see fantastic forms stretching in frolic gambols across the dusky landscape, as if Nature had strewn her fresh designs over the fields by night as models for man’ s art.
Silently we unlatch the door, letting the drift fall in, and step abroad to face the cutting air. Already the stars have lost some of their sparkle, and a dull, leaden mist skirts the horizon. A lurid brazen light in the east proclaims the approach of day, while the western landscape is dim and spectral still, and clothed in a somber Tartarean light, like the shadowy realms. They are infernal sounds only that you hear—the crowing of cocks, the barking of dogs, the chopping of wood, the lowing of kine, all seem to come from Pluto’ s barnyard and beyond the Styx — not for any melancholy they suggest, but their twilight bustle is too solemn and mysterious for earth. The recent tracks of the fox or otter, in the yard, remind us that each hour of the night is crowded with events, and the primeval nature is still working and making tracks in the snow. Opening the gate, we tread briskly along the lone country road, crunching the dry and crisped snow under our feet, or aroused by the sharp, clear creak of the wood sled, just starting for the distant market, from the early farmer’ s door, where it has lain the summer long, dreaming amid the chips and stubble; while far through the drifts and powdered windows we see the farmer’ s early candle, like a paled star, emitting a lonely beam, as if some severe virtue were at its matins there. And one by one the smokes begin to ascend from the chimneys amid the trees and snows.
We hear the sound of wood chopping at the farmers’ doors, far over the frozen earth, the baying of the house-dog, and the distant clarion of the cock—though the thin and frosty air conveys only the finer particles of sound to our ears, with short and sweet vibrations, as the waves subside soonest on the purest and lightest liquids, in which gross substances sink to the bottom. They come clear and bell-like, and from a greater distance in the horizons, as if there were fewer impediments than in summer to make them faint and ragged. The ground is sonorous, like seasoned wood, and even the ordinary rural sounds are melodious, and the jingling of the ice on the trees is sweet and liquid. There is the least possible moisture in the atmosphere, all being dried up or congealed, and it is of such extreme tenuity and elasticity that it becomes a source of delight. The withdrawn and tense sky seems groined like the aisles of a cathedral, and the polished air sparkles as if there were crystals of ice floating in it. As they who have resided in Greenland tell us that when it freezes.“the sea smokes like burning turf-land, and a fog or mist arises, called frost-smoke, ” which cutting smoke frequently raises blisters on the face and hands, and is very pernicious to the health." But this pure, stinging cold is an elixir to the lungs, and not so much a frozen mist as a crystallized midsummer haze, refined and purified by cold.
...
In winter, nature is a cabinet of curiosities, full of dried specimens, in their natural order and position. The meadows and forests are a hortus siccus. The leaves and grasses stand perfectly pressed by the air without screw or gum, and the bird’ s nests are not hung on an artificial twig, but where they built them.
But now, while we have loitered, the clouds have gathered again, and a few straggling snowflakes are beginning to descend. Faster and faster they fall, shutting out the distant objects from sight. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and the pond, on the hill and in the valley. Quadrupeds are confined to their coverts and the birds sit upon their perches this peaceful hour. There is not so much sound as in fair weather, but silently and gradually every slope, and the gray walls and fences, and the polished ice, and the sere leaves, which were not buried before, are concealed, and the tracks of men and beasts are lost. With so little effort does nature reassert her rule and blot out the trace of men. Hear how Homer has described the same: “ The snowflakes fall thick and fast on a winter’ s day. The winds are lulled, and the snow falls incessant, covering the tops of the mountains, and the hills, and the plains where the lotus tree grows, and the cultivated fields, and they are falling by the inlets and shores of the foaming sea, but are silently dissolved by the waves.” The snow levels all things, and infolds them deeper in the bosom of nature, as, in the slow summer, vegetation creeps up to the entablature of the temple, and the turrets of the castle, and helps her to prevail over art.
微风缓缓地吹着百叶窗,吹在窗上,非常温柔,像羽毛似的,偶尔也会犹如几声叹息,听起来像夏日漫漫长夜里风轻抚着树叶的声音。在铺着草皮的地下,田鼠正在地洞里呼呼大睡,猫头鹰则在沼泽地深处的一棵空心树里蹲着,兔子、松鼠、狐狸都待在家里。看门的狗静静地躺在暖炉旁,牛羊在栏圈里悄无声息。连大地都在沉睡——但这不是寿终正寝,而是忙碌一年后第一次美美地睡上一觉。夜已经深了,大自然还在忙碌着,只有街上一些招牌或小木屋的门轴不时嘎吱嘎吱地响,给沉寂的大自然带来一点慰藉。也只有这些声音,预示着在茫茫宇宙中,在金星和火星之间,天地万物还有一些是清醒的。我们想起了看似遥远却也许近在心中的“温暖感觉”,还有那些只有天神们在相聚时才能感受到的—— 一种神圣的鼓舞和难得的交情,而这些对于凡人是不胜苍凉的。大地此刻在酣睡,可是空气还很活跃,鹅毛大雪漫天飞舞,好像是一个北方的五谷女神,正在把她的银种子撒在我们的田野上。
我们也进入了梦乡,等到醒来时,恰是冬季的早晨。世界静悄悄的,雪下了厚厚的一层。窗棂上像铺了柔软的棉花或羽绒,窗格子显得宽了些,玻璃上爬满了冰纹,看起来黯淡而神秘,让家里变得更加温馨舒适。早晨的寂静真令人难忘。我们踏着吱吱作响的地板来到窗口前,站在一块没有结冰的地方,眺望田野风景。屋顶被皑皑的白雪覆盖着,雪冻成的冰条挂在屋檐下和栅栏上;院子里的雪柱像竹笋一样立着,雪柱里有没有藏着什么东西,就无从知晓了;树木和灌木向四面八方伸展着它们白色的枝干;原来是墙壁和篱笆的地方,形态更加奇妙,在昏暗的大地上,它们向左右延伸,似乎在跳跃。仿佛一夜的工夫,大自然就重新设计了一幅田野美景,供人类的艺术家来临摹。
我们静静地拔去了门闩,让飞雪飘进屋里,走出屋外,寒风如利刃般迎面扑来。星星有点黯淡无光,地平线上笼罩了一层深色沉重的薄雾。东方露出一点耀眼的古铜色光彩,预示着天就要亮了,可是西边的景物,还是很模糊,一片昏暗,无声无响,似乎是笼罩着地狱之光,鬼影扑现着,好像是非人间。耳边的声音也有点阴气沉沉——鸡鸣犬吠,木柴断裂的声音,牛群低沉的叫声——这一切好像来自阴阳河彼岸冥王星的农场,倒不是这些声音本身特别凄凉,只是天还没有亮,所以听起来很肃穆很神秘,不像是来自于人间。
院子里、雪地上,狐狸和水獭所留下的印迹清晰可见,这些提醒我们:即使是在冬夜最寂静的时候,自然界里的生物也在时时刻刻活动着,并且在雪地里留下足迹。打开大门,我们迈着轻快的脚步,踏上僻静的乡村小路,雪很干很脆,踩上去发出吱吱的响声。早起的农夫,驾着雪橇,到远处的市场上去赶集。这辆雪橇整个夏天都闲置在农夫的门口,如今与木屑稻梗做伴,可算是有了用武之地。它尖锐、清晰、刺耳的声音,可真能让早起赶路的人头脑清醒。透过堆满积雪的农舍,我们看见农夫早早地把蜡烛点亮了,就像一颗孤寂的星星,散发着稀落的光,宛如某种朴素的美德在做晨祷。接着,烟囱里冒出的炊烟从树丛和雪堆里袅袅升起。
我们能听见农夫劈砍柴火的声音,大地冰封,不时有鸡鸣狗叫的声音传出。寒冷的空气,只能把那些尖锐的声音传入我们的耳朵,那些声音听起来短促悦耳。凡是清醇轻盈的液体,稍有波动也会很快停止,因为里面的晶体硬块,很快沉到底下去了。声音从地平线的远处传来,像钟声一样清晰响亮,冬天的空气清新,不像夏天那样混合着许多杂质,因而声音听来也不像夏天那样刺耳模糊。走在冰封的土地上,声音犹如敲击坚硬的木块那样洪亮,甚至是乡村里最平凡的声响,都听起来美妙动听,树上的冰条,互相撞击,听起来像铃声一样悦耳,乐在其中。
空气里几乎没有水分,水蒸气不是干化,就是凝固成霜了。空气十分稀薄而且似乎带弹性,人呼吸进去,顿感心旷神怡。天空似乎被绷紧了,往后移动,从下向上望,感觉像置身于大教堂中,头上是一块块连在一起的弧形的屋顶,空气被过滤得纯粹明净,好像有冰晶沉浮在中间,正如格陵兰的居民告诉我们的,当那里结冰的时候,“海就冒烟,像大火爆发的威力,而且伴有雾气升腾,称为烟雾,这烟雾能让人的手和脸起疱肿胀,并对人体有害。”但是我们这里的空气,虽然冰寒刺骨,但是质地清醇,可以滋养心肺,提神醒脑。我们不会把它当做冻霜,而会把它看做仲夏雾气的结晶,经过严寒的凝结,变得更加清醇了。
大自然在冬天是一架旧橱柜,各种干枯了的标本按照它们生长的次序,摆得井然有序。草原和树林成了一座“植物标本馆”。树叶和野草保持着完美的形态,在空气的压力下,不需要用螺丝钉或胶水来固定。巢不用挂在假树上,虽然树已经枯萎了,可那毕竟是真树,鸟儿在哪里建的,还保留在哪里。
……
就在我们四处游荡的这会儿,天空又有阴云密布,雪花纷然而落。雪越下越大,远处的景物渐渐地脱离了我们的视线。雪花光顾了每一棵树和田野,无孔不入,痕迹遍布河边、湖畔、小山和低谷。四足动物都躲藏起来了,小鸟在这平和的时刻里也休息了,在这平和的气候里周围几乎听不到任何声音,可是,渐渐地,山坡、灰墙和篱笆、光亮的冰还有枯叶,所有原来没有被白雪覆盖的,现在都被埋住了,人和野兽的足迹也消失了。大自然轻而易举地就实施了它的法规,把人类行为的痕迹抹擦得干干净净。听听荷马的诗:“冬天里,雪花降落,又多又快。风停了,雪下个不停,覆盖了山顶和丘陵,覆盖了长着酸枣树的平原和耕地。在波澜壮阔的海湾海岸边,雪也纷纷地下着,只是雪花落到海里,就被海水悄无声息地融化了。”白雪充塞了所有的事物,使万物平等,把它们深深地裹在自然的怀抱里,就像漫漫夏季里的植被,爬上庙宇的柱顶,爬上堡垒的角楼,覆盖人类的艺术品。
心灵小语
憧憬需要春天,激情需要夏天,收获需要秋天,而冷静地思考,冬天再适合不过了。寒冷和白雪都是冬天的恩赐,在茫茫的宇宙中,思想穿透一切,一路前行。
记忆填空
1. The recent tracks of the fox or otter, in the yard, remind__ that each hour__ the night is crowded with events, and the primeval nature is still working and making tracks in the__ .
2. In__ , nature is a cabinet of curiosities, full of dried specimens, in their natural order and__ .
3. With so little effort does__ reassert her rule and blot out the trace of__ .
佳句翻译
1. 树木和灌木向四面八方伸展着它们白色的枝干。
译__________________
2. 仿佛一夜的工夫,大自然就重新设计了一幅田野美景,供人类的艺术家来临摹。
译__________________
3. 东方露出一点耀眼的古铜色光彩,预示着天就要亮了。
译__________________
短语应用
1. Faster and faster they fall, shutting out the distant objects from sight.
shut out:关在外面;排除;遮住
造__________________
2. ...the turrets of the castle, and helps her to prevail over art.
prevail over:胜过;占优势
造__________________
醇美九月
Sweet September
哈尔·勃兰德 / Hal Borland
哈尔·勃兰德,美国著名作家,他最让人熟知的就是“No winter lasts forever; no spring skips its turn.”
September is more than a month, really; it is a season, an achievement in itself. It begins with August’s leftovers and it ends with October’s preparations, but along the way it achieves special satisfactions. After summer’s heat and haste, the year consolidates itself. Deliberate September—in its own time and tempo—begins to sum up another summer.
With September comes a sense of autumn. It creeps in one misty dawn and vanishes in the hot afternoon. It tiptoes through the treetops. rouging a few leaves, then rides a tuft of thistle down across the valley and away. It sits on a hill top and hoots like an October owl in the dusk. It plays tag with the wind. September is a changeling, busy as a squirrel in a hickory tree, idle as a languid brook. It is summer’s ripen and richness fulfilled.
Some of the rarest days of the year come in the September season—days when it is comfortably cool but pulsing with life, when the sky is clear and clean, the air crisp, the wind free of dust. Meadows still smell of hay and the sweetness of cut grass. September flowers are less varied than those of May but so abundant that they make September another flowery month. Goldenrod comes by mid-August, but rises to a peak of golden abundance in early September. Late thistles make spectacular purple accents. And asters blossom everywhere, along the roadsides, in meadows, on the hilltops, even in city lots, ranging in color from pure white through all degrees of lavender to the royal New England purple.
We think of spring as the miracle time, when opening bud and new leaf proclaim the persistence of life. But September is when the abiding wonder makes itself known in a subtler way. Now growth comes to annual fruition, and preparations are completed for another year, another generation. The acorn ripens and the hickory nut matures. The plant commits its future to the seed and the root. The insect stows tomorrow in the egg and the pupa. The surge is almost over and life begins to relax.
The green prime is passing. The trees begin to proclaim the change. Soon the leaves will be discarded, the grass will sere. But the miracle of life persists, the mysterious germ of growth and renewal that is the seed itself.
This is gossamer season. Dawn shimmers with spider filaments, proof that late hatches of spiderlings have the instinct to travel. On such gossamer strands tiny spiders have traveled into the Arctic and almost to the summits of the Himalayas. Soon milkweed pods will open with their silver floss.
This is the season of the harvest moon. With reasonably clear skies it will be a moonlit week, for the harvest moon is not hasty; it comes early and stays late. There was a time when the busy farmer could return to the fields after supper and continue his harvest by moonlight. There’s still harvesting to be done, but much of it now centers on the kitchen rather than the barns. The last bountiful yield comes from the garden, the late sweet corn, the tomatoes, the root vegetables. The canning, the preserving, the freezing, the kitchen harvest in all its variety, reaches its peak.
First frost comes in the night, a clear, scant-starred night when the moon is near its fullness. It comes without a whisper, quiet as thistle down, brushing the corner of a hillside garden. Dawn comes and you see its path—the glistening leaf, the gleaming stem, the limp, blackening garden vine.
Another night or two the frost walks the valleys in the moonlight. Then it goes back beyond the northern hills to wait a little longer, and the golden mildness of early autumn comforts the land. A faint anise smell is on the air, goldenrod scent. The mist swirls and September shines through, the deep-blue sky of September.
To warm-blooded creatures, the crisp, cool nights of September are invigorating. But cold-blooded insects are at the mercy of the sun and now their clocks run down. The cicada is stilled. The chorus of the cricket and katydid diminishes. When they rash at all it is with the deliberate tempo of a fiddler drawing a worn bow across fraying strings.
Now come the hoarding days. Mice have been harvesting and stowing seeds for weeks. The chipmunk lines his winter bedroom, and squirrel hide the nut trees, bounty. The woodchucks, gorging on grass and clover and fruit, lay up their harvest in body fat under their own skins.
The flickers begin to gather for migration. All summer these big woodpeckers were resolutely individual, busy with family life and wanting no company. Now they are gregarious, with time for tribal gossip and community play. The warblers and swallow shave already formed in premigration flocks; soon the robins will be gathering too. Nesting is completed, fledglings are on their own, and there is food in plenty. September is vacation time for birds. Who knows but that they are discussing the trip ahead?
By September’s end the treasure chest of autumn begins to spill over with wealth. You see it glowing in the quiet afternoon, aflame in the sunset. Woodland, roadside and dooryard will soon be jeweled beyond a rajah’s richest dreams.
The year’s season in the sun has run its course. Nature begins to prepare for winter. After the color in the woodlands. the leaves will blanket the soil. The litter of autumn will become much, then humus for root and tender seed. The urgency of growth is ended for another year, but life itself is hoarded in root and bulb and seed and egg.
9月,的确不仅仅是一个月份,还是一个季节,一个收获的季节。在八月离去的时候,它翩翩而来;在10月将要降临的时候,它又徐徐离去。一路上,它悠然自得。历经了夏日的酷热和躁动,一年的时光开始走向成熟,9月踏着自己的节拍,不紧不慢地为来年夏天积蓄力量。
秋意跟随着9月的脚步来临了,它在笼罩着薄雾的黎明中蔓延,然后渐渐地消失在炎热的午后。它拂过树梢,染红了树叶,然后随着一簇簇蓟花绒毛飘过山谷,消失不见了。它有时停留在小山顶上,就像10月薄暮中的猫头鹰;有时又与风儿追逐嬉戏,你躲我藏。9月,是一个富于变化的时节,夏日让它变得成熟而富有。忙时,它像核桃树上的松鼠,闲时则像缓缓流淌的小溪。
天空晴朗,凉爽怡人的空气中充满了生命的活力,吹来的风儿没有一丝尘土。牧场上依然散发着干草和刈草的味道。鲜花让9月变成了另一个花的时节,这时的鲜花虽不如5月的鲜花那样五彩斑斓,然而仍然繁盛,金菊在8月中旬就开始绽放,9月中旬便是它盛开得最茂盛的时期,晚些绽放的蓟花把9月染成了壮观的紫色。道路的两侧、草原和小山顶,甚至城市的空地上,到处都开满了紫菀,它们颜色各异,从纯白到淡紫色,再到深紫色。
春天是一个充满奇迹的季节,新发的蓓蕾和嫩叶展示着生命的生生不息。然而,九月是妙趣纷呈的时节。万物走进了一年中的成熟季节,完成了为迎接新的一年和新的一代所作的准备。橡树果和山核桃都已经成熟,植物把未来的任务交付给了种子和根茎,昆虫把未来装进了卵蛹。汹涌即将逝去,生命进入了放松的状态。
绿色正在褪去,树木开始露出变化的迹象。不久,树叶就要凋落,草叶就要干枯。然而,生命仍在持续,而生长与更新的神秘源泉就是种子。
在黎明的微光中,蜘蛛的细丝表明,晚生的小蜘蛛天生就有旅行的本能。这些小蜘蛛乘着纤细的蛛网,一路爬到了北极,几乎就要爬上喜马拉雅山脉的巅峰。长着银色细毛的马利筋豆荚不久也要熟得裂开了。
这是一个收获的季节,天空是那么清澈,这将是月光照耀的七天。它不慌不忙,早早地来临,迟迟地归去。曾经有那么一些日子,农民们吃过晚饭,又回到田地,然后在月光下继续收割。现在,仍然有许多农活等着农民们去做,但大多不是在谷仓,而是集中在厨房里。菜园是农民获得丰厚收获的最后一个地方,那里有晚收的甜玉米、西红柿和块根菜。这时候也是一年中厨房最为繁忙的时节,在那里,农民们要把收获的各种果实装罐、保存以及冷冻。
在一个月朗星稀的夜晚,第一次霜降来临了。它如飞絮般悄无声息地拂过山坡上菜园的一角。破晓之际,从发亮的叶片、闪光的树干和柔软发黑的藤蔓上,人们仍旧看到它留下的痕迹。
此后的另一个夜晚,也许是两个夜晚,月光洒向大地,寒霜越过山谷,返回北山以外的地方,将在那里做稍长时间的逗留。金色温暖的阳光爱抚着初秋的大地,空气中散发出淡淡的茴香味和金菊花的香气,9月令人眩晕的阳光穿透了湛蓝的天空。
九月的夜晚,空气清爽,温血动物变得非常活跃。然而,冷血动物的生物钟越走越慢,因为对它们来说,失去阳光就意味着失去生气。蝉、蟋蟀和纺织娘都不再鸣叫,如果它们同时鼓噪起来,就好像小提琴演奏家用一根破损的弓,以慢悠悠的节奏划过残留下的几根旧弦。
储存食物的时间到了。几个星期以来,老鼠一直在忙着搬运果实,它们的收获颇丰。花栗鼠把自己冬眠的居所填满,松鼠把树上的坚果都摘了下来,土拨鼠为了在体内囤积厚厚的脂肪,吃下了大量的草叶、苜蓿和果子。
金翼啄木鸟开始聚集起来,它们要准备迁徙了。整个夏天,这些大型飞禽都坚持单独活动,也不结交伙伴,只是忙于家庭生活。现在,它们在部落里走家串户,游戏玩耍,过着群居的生活。莺燕已经聚集起来准备迁徙,知更鸟不久也要碰头了,鸟巢已经修筑好了,并储存了大量食物,幼鸟将要独立生活。九月是鸟类度假的月份,谁知道它们之前是如何把迁徙旅行商定下来的呢?
9月即将结束,秋天的宝库被装得满满的,几乎要溢出来了。在安静的午后,它们熠熠生辉,到了黄昏,它们又变得像燃烧的火焰一般。树林里、道路旁及庭院中,都好像镶嵌着珠宝,这是一个连帝王做梦都想不到的事情。
在阳光下,9月沿着自己的路途继续前进着,大自然准备迎接冬季的来临。林木的颜色已经褪去,落叶给大地铺上了一层地毯,整个大地披上了秋装,根茎和柔弱的种子汲取着赠与的营养。生命将自己放进了根茎、籽卵之中,它们停止了生长的渴望,等待下一年的来临。
心灵小语
金色的9月,没有冬季的干燥寒冷,没有春天的黄沙漫天,更没有夏日的酷暑难耐,有的是繁忙的身影和丰厚的收获。这是一个收获的季节,处处充满了生命的活力,它代表着繁盛、成熟和优雅。愿我们都能拥有人生的9月。
记忆填空
1. It plays tag with the wind.__ is a changeling, busy as a squirrel in a hickory__ , idle__ a languid brook. It is summer’s ripen and richness fulfilled.
2. Soon the__ will be discarded, the grass will sere. But the miracle of__ persists, the mysterious germ of growth and renewal that is the seed__ .
3. By September’s__ the treasure chest of autumn begins to spill over__ wealth.
佳句翻译
1. 9月踏着自己的节拍,不紧不慢地为来年夏天积蓄力量。
译__________________
2. 生命仍在持续,而生长与更新的神秘源泉就是种子。
译__________________
3. 9月即将结束,秋天的宝库被装得满满的,几乎要溢出来了。
译__________________
短语应用
1. Deliberate September—in its own time and tempo—begins to sum up another summer.
sum up:总结;合计;归纳;集中
造__________________
2. This is the season of the harvest moon.
harvest moon:秋分前后的满月;收获月
造__________________
如花的托斯卡纳
Flowery Tuscany
戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯 / David Herbert Lawrence
戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯(1885—1930),英国诗人、小说家、散文家。出生于矿工家庭,当过屠户会计、厂商雇员和小学教师,曾在国内外漂泊10多年,对现实持批判否定态度。他写过诗,但主要写长篇小说,共有10部,最著名的为《虹》(1915)、《恋爱中的女人》(1921)和《查泰莱夫人的情人》(1928)。《虹》通过自耕农布兰文的三代家史,描写了19世纪中叶以来大工业吞食小农经济的过程,猛烈抨击了金钱罪恶和帝国主义战争。
North of the Alps, the everlasting winter is interrupted by summers that struggle and soon yield; south of the Alps, the everlasting summer is interrupted by spasmodic and spiteful winters that never get a real hold, but that are mean and dogged. The in between, in either case, is just as it may be. But the lands of the sun are south of the Alps, forever.
In the morning, the sun shines strong on the horizontal green cloud-puffs of the pines, the sky is clear and full of life, the water runs hastily, still browned by the last juice of crushed olives. And there the earth’ s bowl of crocuses is amazing. You cannot believe that the flowers are really still. They are open with such delight, and their pistil thrust is so red-orange, and they are so many, all reaching out wide and marvellous, that it suggests a perfect ecstasy of radiant, thronging movement, lit-up violet and orange, and surging in some invisible rhythm of concerted, delightful movement. You cannot believe they do not move, and make some sort of crystalline sound of delight. If you sit still and watch, you begin to move with them, like moving with the stars, and you feel the sound of their radiance. All the little cells of the flowers must be leaping with flowery life and utterance.
And now that it is March, there is a rush of flowers. Down by the other stream, which turns sideways to the sun, and tangles the brier and bramble, down where the hellebore has stood so wan and dignified all winter, there are now white tufts of primroses, suddenly come. Among the tangle and near the water-lip, tufts and bunches of primroses, in abundance. Yet they look more wan, more pallid, more flimsy than English primroses. They lack some of the full wonder of the northern flowers. One tends to overlook them, to turn to the great, solemn-faced purple violets that rear up from the bank, and above all, to the wonderful little towers of the grape hyacinth.
This is the time, in March, when the sloe is white and misty in the hedge-tangle by the stream, and on the slope of land the peach tree stands pink and alone. The almond blossom, silvery pink, is passing, but the peach, deep-toned, bluey, not at all ethereal, this reveals itself like flesh, and the trees are like isolated individuals, the peach and the apricot. It is so conspicuous and so individual, that pink among the coming green of spring, because the first flowers that emerge from winter seem always white or yellow or purple. Now the celandines are out, and along the edges of the podere, the big, sturdy, black-purple anemones, with black hearts.
The daisies are out too, in sheets, and they too red-mouthed. The first ones are big and handsome. But as March goes on, the dwindle to bright little things, like tiny buttons, clouds of them together. That means summer is nearly here.
In some places there are odd yellow tulips, slender, spiky and Chinese-looking. They are very lovely, pricking out their dulled yellow in slim spikes. But they too soon lean, expand beyond themselves, and are gone like an illusion.
And when the tulips are gone, there is a moment’ s pause, before summer. Summer is the next move.
In the pause towards the end of April, when the flowers seem to hesitate, the leaves make up their minds to come out. For sometime, at the very ends of the bare boughs of fig trees, spurts of pure green have been burning like little cloven tongues of green fire vivid on the tips of the candelabrum. Now these spurts of green spread out, and begin to take the shape of hands, feeling for the air of summer. And tiny green figs are below them, like glands on the throat of a goat.
Now the aspens on the hill are all remarkable with the translucent membranes of blood-veined leaves. They are gold-brown, but not like autumn, rather like thin wings bats when like birds—call them birds—they wheel in clouds against the setting sun, and the sun glows through the stretched membrane of their wings, as through thin, brown-red stained glass. This is the red sap of summer, not the red dust of autumn.
The cherry tree is something the same, but more sturdy. Now, in the last week of April, the cherry blossom is still white, but waning and passing away: it is late this year, and the leaves are clustering thick and softly copper in their dark blood-filled glow. It is queer about fruit trees in this district. The pear and the peach were out together. But now the pear tree is a lovely thick softness of new and glossy green, vivid with a tender fullness of apple-green leaves, gleaming among all the other green of the landscape, the half-high wheat, emerald, and the grey olive, half-invisible, the browning green of the dark cypress, the black of the evergreen oak, the rolling of the heavy green puffs of the stone-pines, the flimsy green of small peach and almond trees, the sturdy young green of horse-chestnut. So many greens, all in flakes and shelves and tilted tables and round shoulders and plumes and shaggles and uprisen bushes, of greens and greens, sometimes blindingly brilliant at evening, when the landscape looks as if it were on fire from inside, with greenness and with gold.
In the wood, the scrub-oak is only just coming uncrumpled, and the pines keep their hold on winter. They are wintry things, stone-pines. At Christmas, their heavy green clouds are richly beautiful. When the cypresses rise their tall and naked bodies of dark green, and the osiers are vivid red-orange, on the still blue air, and the land is lavender; then, in mid-winter, the landscape is most beautiful in colour, surging with colour.
Not that this week is flowerless. But the flowers are a little lonely things, here and there: the early purple orchid, ruddy and very much alive, you come across occasionally, then the little groups of bee-orchids, with their ragged concerted indifference to their appearance. Also there are the huge bud-spikes of the stout, thick flowering pink orchid, huge buds like fat ears of wheat, hard-purple and splendid. But already odd grains of the wheat-ear are open, and out of the purple hangs the delicate pink rag of floweret. Also there are very lovely and choice cream-clouted orchids with brown spots on the long and delicate lip. These grow in the more moist places, and have exotic tender spikes, very rare-seeming. Another orchid is a little, pretty yellow one.
By May, the nightingale will sing an unbroken song, and the discreet, barely audible Tuscan cuckoo will be a little more audible. Then the lovely pale-lilac irises will come out in all their showering abundance of tender, proud, spiky bloom, till the air will gleam with mauve, and a new crystalline lightness will be everywhere.
There will be tufts of iris everywhere, arising up proud and tender. When the rose-coloured wild gladiolus is mingled in the corn, and the love-in-the-mist opens blue: in May and June, before the corn is cut.
But as yet is neither May nor June, but the end of April, the pause between spring and summer, the nightingale singing uninterrupted, the bean-flowers dying in the bean-fields, the bean-perfume passing with spring, the little birds hatching in the nests, the olives pruned, and the vines, the last bit of late ploughing finished, and not much work to hand, now, not until the peas are ready to pick, in another two weeks or so.
So the change, the endless and rapid change. In the sunny countries, the change seems more vivid, and more complete than in the grey countries. In the grey countries, there is a grey or dark permanency, over whose surface passes change ephemeral, leaving no real mark.
But in the sunny countries, change is the reality and permanence is artificial and a condition of imprisonment. Hence, to the northerner, the phenomenal world is essentially tragical, because it is temporal and must cease to exist. Its very existence implies ceasing to exist, and this is the root of the feeling of tragedy.
But to the southerner, the sun is so dominant that shadow, or dark, is only merely relative: merely the result of something getting between one and the sun.
In the human race, the one thing that is always there is the shining sun, and dark shadow is an accident of intervention.
For my part, if the sun always shine, and always will shine, in spite of millions of clouds of words. In the sunshine, even death is sunny. And there is no end to the sunshine.
That is why the rapid change of the Tuscan spring is utterly free, for me, of any senses of tragedy. The sun always shines. It is our fault if we don’ t think so.
在阿尔卑斯山的北面,持续的冬天受到了夏季的顽强抵抗,很快屈服了。而其南面,夏季被间歇性的、充满敌意的寒冬阻挡,永远也不能真正占据上风。在两者的斗争中,任何一种情况都只是可能。但是,阳光普照的地方,永远都是阿尔卑斯山的南面。
清晨,阳光强烈地照射在地平线上松树团团的绿雾上,天空清新,充满了生机。河水急匆匆地流着,直到被最后一些压碎的橄榄汁染成棕色。遍地的番红花更是令人诧异不已。你不会相信这些花是静止的。它们如此欢快地绽放,雌蕊是那样的橘红。不计其数的花朵竞相开放,争奇斗艳,让人如痴如醉。花朵们翩翩起舞,那明亮起来的紫、橙色调,和着无形的美妙节奏欢快地摆动。你不得不相信它们在动,而且发出了水晶般的欢快声。如果你静静地欣赏花朵,你就会不由自主地随着它们舞动,就好像跟着星星走一样。当然,你还会听到花朵们欢快的笑声。花的每一个小细胞都跳跃着绚丽的生命和思想。
现在正是3月,也是花儿竞相开放的时节。在其他一些朝太阳方向流动的溪流边,荆棘灌木交错,菟葵无助而不屈地对抗冬天,一丛丛白色的樱草花出乎意料地生长着。丛丛的樱草花占满了杂乱的灌木丛和溪水的拐角处。可它们比菟葵无助,更加苍白,比英格兰的樱草花单薄许多。樱草花不像北面的花朵那样让人惊奇。人们往往注意不到它,而是会被长在河岸边庄严而美丽的紫罗兰所吸引,当然会更愿意欣赏那些深紫色的风信子小花塔。
3月,刚好是溪边灌木乱丛中白色的野李花朦朦胧胧,粉红的桃树独自站立在山坡的时节。银粉色的杏花已渐渐褪去,桃树裹着深深的蓝,一点儿也不飘逸,却是本来面目,而桃树与杏树看起来就像毫不相干的个体。绿意盎然的春天里,桃树的粉色是如此别致。因为最先从冬天开出来的花,通常看起来都是白色、黄色或紫色的。白屈菜也冒出头来了。在湖边高大强壮的银莲花中,你可以发现深紫色、黑色的花蕊。
雏菊穿着红色的衣服成群地跑出来,开始的时候,它们长得又大又漂亮。可是渐渐地,进入3月中下旬,花就变成了光鲜的小东西,像小小的纽扣聚在一起。这预示着夏天的来临。
你还可以在一些地方,看到一些修长、带穗的黄色郁金香。在细长的穗上嵌着光亮的黄色,十分惹人喜爱。不过,它们也很快变得倾斜,然后虚弱起来,仿佛幻觉一样消失得无影无踪。
郁金香离开以后,在夏天前,花儿们都短暂地歇息了一下。夏天即将到来。
寂静的4月底,在花儿们踌躇不定的时候,叶子们一股脑地跑了出来。一时间,纯净的绿色在无花果的树枝尖冒出,好像烛台顶那生动的绿色小火舌头一样在燃烧。现在,这团绿焰伸展开来,变成小手的样子,触摸着夏天的气息。小小的绿色无花果像一只山羊喉咙的腺体附在下面。
现在,山坡上白杨的叶子上有一层半透明薄膜的叶脉,显得格外引人注目。与秋天不同,这些叶子是金棕色的,像是薄翼的蝙蝠,它们如同鸟儿一样——我们暂且就叫它们鸟吧——在落日的余晖中,叶子在云层里涌动,太阳照射在这薄翼拉紧似的薄膜上,仿佛透过棕红色的彩绘玻璃。这是夏天里树叶旺盛时所特有的红色树液,并不意味着秋天的红尘。
樱桃树和白杨差不多,只是更加顽强。现在已是4月的最后一个星期,白色的樱桃花依然绽放,可已经渐渐虚弱,即将逝去。今年的时节晚了,树叶团团紧簇,鲜红的光亮中挥洒着轻柔的铜色。这个地方的果树十分不同寻常,梨花和桃花会在同一时节开放。不过,现在这里有还未伸长的麦子,翠绿色的橄榄,柏树所没有的棕绿,长青橡树的黑色,石松浓重的绿团团,小桃树和杏树脆弱的绿色,七叶树强壮的新绿。而在这所有的绿色中,梨树清新光亮的绿色是可爱的、浓密的、轻柔的,像苹果绿色叶子柔和的饱满一样鲜明。在这绿色的海洋中,绿色一片一片的,一层一层的,像斜斜的一块板,像圆圆的肩膀,又像羽毛,像矮树丛,像挺直的灌木。有时在夜晚,从外面向绿色里望去,仿佛绿色带着绿色,带着金色在里面燃烧,显得光彩夺目。
在森林里,矮灌木即将倒下,而松树在冬天里则稳稳地保持自己的站姿。冬天是最适宜石松树生长的季节。一到圣诞节的时候,石松团团的深绿色更显得婀娜多姿。当柏树裸露地显示出自己高高的、墨绿色的身躯时,柳树仍然在蓝色的空气中展现着自己活泼的鲜橙色。大地染上淡紫色的时候,隆冬时节就到了。这儿将成为颜色的世界,颜色才是最美的风景。
当然,这一个星期还会有花的足迹,但这时候的花儿成了孤独的小东西,四处分散。你会在不经意间发现它们的足迹:提前出来的紫兰花,红润而有生命力;成群结队的蜜蜂兰,它们对自身的外表,都显露出刻意的、不屑的神情。当然,也少不了顶着巨大的花苞穗,长满茂密花儿的强壮粉红兰花,兰花那巨大的花苞穗如同饱满的麦穗一样,配上耀眼的紫色,让人觉得完美无缺。但零星的麦穗已经开花了,在紫色中旋着一幅由娇嫩小花编织成的精致花布。还有那些非常可爱的、米色的兰花,在它们的细长花蕊上有些棕色斑点。兰花喜欢在较潮湿的地方生长,因此它奇异柔和的穗是不常见的。其他的兰花都是小小的花形,漂亮的黄色。
5月一到,夜莺便不间断地唱着歌。这时候,小心翼翼的托斯卡纳杜鹃也会唱出平日里听不到的歌。接着,浅淡紫色的丁香花大量地出现,展示着它们柔嫩、穗状的花,直到空气中露出紫红,清澈透明地四处飘荡。
世界将变成一丛丛蝴蝶花的天下,它们得意而柔嫩地昂起头。五六月,谷物还没收割的时候,在野外,玫瑰色的唐菖蒲就混合在谷物中。而黑种草开着蓝色的花朵。但现在还没到5月或6月——只是四月末,春夏之间的间歇,在这个时节里:夜莺不停地歌唱;豆地里的豆花正在凋谢;豆的芳香正随着春天一起逝去;小鸟在巢里成长;橄榄已被修剪;葡萄已经过了最后的耕种时节;两个星期后豌豆成熟之前,没有多少活要做。这样才是变化,永不停息的快速变化。在阳光照耀的地方,变化似乎更显著,比在昏暗地带更彻底。而在没有阳光的地方,是一成不变的灰暗和阴暗。变化只是短暂的事,不会留下任何记号。
然而,对于生活在阳光地带的人,却是不同的概念。变化对他们来说就是现实,永久是人创造的,是一种囚禁。因此,生活在北面的人认为,变化中的世界实际上是悲惨的,因为世界只是短暂的,注定消逝的。世界的存在意味着自己的结束,这就是伤感本身。
而生活在南面的人,对他们来说,阳光具有决定性的作用,阴影或黑暗不过是相关联的事物——只是在人和太阳之间才会出现的东西。
对于人类来说,有一件事是千真万确的,那就是在这个世界上,仅有一个发光的太阳,黑色的影子不过是一个干扰的意外罢了。
而在我看来,尽管争议纷纷,但太阳一直光芒四射,也将永远光芒四射。在阳光下,即便死亡也是充满阳光的。阳光没有终点。
托斯卡纳的春天飞快地流逝,而我没有感到一丝的悲惨,这就是原因所在。太阳永远在照耀。如果不这样想,那就是我们的责任了。
心灵小语
向着阳光的山坡总是先走向春天,心中充满阳光的人心花永远绽放。只要心花绽放,到处都是美丽的春天。
记忆填空
1. If you sit__ and watch, you begin to move with them, like moving with the__ , and you feel the__ of their radiance.
2. The__ ones are big and handsome. But as__ goes on, the dwindle to bright little things, like tiny buttons, clouds of them together. That means__ is nearly here.
3. In the human race, the one thing that is always there is the shining__ , and dark__ is an accident of intervention.
佳句翻译
1. 寂静的4月底,在花儿们踌躇不定的时候,叶子们一股脑地跑了出来。
译__________________
2. 当然,这一个星期还会有花的足迹,但这时候的花儿成了孤独的小东西,四处分散。
译__________________
3. 变化对他们来说就是现实,永久是人创造的,是一种囚禁。
译__________________
短语应用
1. The everlasting winter is interrupted by summers that struggle and soon yield.
be interrupted by:被……打断;阻断
造__________________
2. ...and they are so many, all reaching out wide and marvellous...
reach out:伸出(伸展,招揽)
造__________________
威斯敏斯特教堂
Westminster Abbey
华盛顿·欧文 / Washington Irving
华盛顿·欧文(1783—1859),享誉国际的文学家,也是19世纪最伟大的美国散文家之一。他生于纽约,在家中是11个孩子中最小的。欧文自幼聪颖,19岁攻读法律。1804年至1806年间游历欧洲,回国后取得律师资格。但是,他对当律师并不感兴趣,而且身体不太好。因此,他改变职业,以写作谋生,并进入仕途,曾任驻西班牙公使,旅居欧洲长达17年。他的杰作《见闻札记》就在这其间完成的,其中的《瑞普?凡?温克尔》已成为妇孺皆知的故事。总之,华盛顿?欧文在世界文学史上有着不可或缺的地位。
On one of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of Autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold, seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages.
I entered from the inner court of Westminster School, through a long, low, vaulted passage, that had an almost subterranean look, being dimly lighted in one part by circular perforations in the massive walls. Through this dark avenue I had a distant view of the cloisters, with the figure of an old verger, in his black gown, moving along their shadowy vaults, and seeming like a spectre from one of the neighboring tombs. The approach to the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains prepares the mind for its solemn contemplation. The cloisters still retain something of the quiet and seclusion of former days. The gray walls are discolored by damps, and crumbling with age; a coat of hoary moss has gathered over the inscriptions of the mural monuments, and obscured the death’ s heads, and other funereal emblems. The sharp touches of the chisel are gone from the rich tracery of the arches; the roses which adorned the key-stones have lost their leafy beauty; everything bears marks of the gradual dilapidations of time, which yet has something touching and pleasing in its very decay.
The sun was pouring down a yellow autumnal ray into the square of the cloisters; beaming upon a scanty plot of grass in the center, and lighting up an angle of the vaulted passage with a kind of dusky splendor. From between the arcades, the eye glanced up to a bit of blue sky or a passing cloud, and beheld the sun-gilt pinnacles of the abbey towering into the azure heaven.
As I paced the cloisters, sometimes contemplating this mingled picture of glory and decay, and sometimes endeavoring to decipher the inscriptions on the tombstones, which formed the pavement beneath my feet, my eye was attracted to three figures, rudely carved in relief, but nearly worn away by the footsteps of many generations. They were the effigies of three of the early abbots; the epitaphs were entirely effaced; the names alone remained, having no doubt been renewed in later times. (Vitalis.Abbas.1082, and Gislebertus Crispinus. Abbas.1114, and Laurentius. Abbas. 1176.) I remained some little while, musing over these casual relics of antiquity, thus left like wrecks upon this distant shore of time, telling no tale but that such beings had been, and had perished; teaching no moral but the futility of that pride which hopes still to exact homage in its ashes and to live in an inscription. A little longer, and even these faint records will be obliterated, and the monument will cease to be a memorial. Whilst I was yet looking down upon these gravestones, I was roused by the sound of the abbey clock, reverberating from buttress to buttress, and echoing among the cloisters. It is almost startling to hear this warning of departed time sounding among the tombs, and telling the lapse of the hour, which, like a billow, has rolled us onward towards the grave. I pursued my walk to an arched door opening to the interior of the abbey. On entering here, the magnitude of the building breaks fully upon the mind, contrasted with the vaults of the cloisters. The eyes gaze with wonder at clustered columns of gigantic dimensions, with arches springing from them to such an amazing height; and man wandering about their bases, shrunk into insignificance in comparison with his own handiwork. The spaciousness and gloom of this vast edifice produce a profound and mysterious awe. We step cautiously and softly about, as if fearful of disturbing the hallowed silence of the tomb; while every footfall whispers along the walls, and chatters among the sepulchers, making us more sensible of the quiet we have interrupted.
It seems as if the awful nature of the place presses down upon the soul, and hushes the beholder into noiseless reverence. We feel that we are surrounded by the congregated bones of the great men of past times, who have filled history with their deeds, and the earth with their renown.
And yet it almost provokes a smile at the vanity of human ambition, to see how they are crowded together and jostled in the dust; what parsimony is observed in doling out a scanty nook, a gloomy corner, a little portion of earth, to those, whom, when alive, kingdoms could not satisfy; and how many shapes, and forms, and artifices are devised to catch the casual notice of the passenger, and save from forgetfulness, for a few short years, a name which once aspired to occupy ages of the world’ s thought and admiration.
...
I continued in this way to move from tomb to tomb, and from chapel to chapel. The day was gradually wearing away; the distant tread of loiterers about the abbey grew less and less frequent; the sweet-tongued bell was summoning to evening prayers; and I saw at a distance the choristers, in their white surplices, crossing the aisle and entering the choir. I stood before the entrance to Henry the Seventh’ s chapel. A flight of steps lead up to it, through a deep and gloomy, but magnificent arch. Great gates of brass, richly and delicately wrought, turn heavily upon their hinges, as if proudly reluctant to admit the feet of common mortals into this most gorgeous of sepulchres.
On entering, the eye is astonished by the pomp of architecture, and the elaborate beauty of sculptured detail. The very walls are wrought into universal ornament, incrusted with tracery, and scooped into niches, crowded with the statutes of saints and martyrs. Stone seems, by the cunning labor of the chisel, to have been robbed of its weight and density, suspended aloft, as if by magic, and the fretted roof achieved with the wonderful minuteness and airy security of a cobweb.
Along the sides of the chapel are the lofty stalls of the Knights of the Bath, richly carved of oak, though with the grotesque decorations of Gothic architecture. On the pinnacles of the stalls are affixed the helmets and crests of the knights, with their scarfs and swords; and above them are suspended their banners, emblazoned with armorial bearings, and contrasting the splendor of gold and purple and crimson with the cold gray fretwork of the roof. In the midst of this grand mausoleum stands the sepulchre of its founder, — his effigy, with that of his queen, extended on a sumptuous tomb, and the whole surrounded by a superbly wrought brazen railing.
There is a sad dreariness in this magnificence: this strange mixture of tombs and trophies; these emblems of living and aspiring ambition, close beside mementos which show the dust and oblivion in which all must sooner or later terminate. Nothing impresses the mind with a deeper feeling of loneliness than to tread the silent and deserted scene of former throng and pageant. On looking round on the vacant stalls of the knights and their esquires, and on the rows of dusty but gorgeous banners that were once borne before them, my imagination conjured up the scene when this hall was bright with the valor and beauty of the land; glittering with the splendor of jeweled rank and military array; alive with the tread of many feet and the hum of an admiring multitude. All had passed away; the silence of death had settled again upon the which had found their way into the chapel, and built their nests among its friezes and pendants — sure sign of solitariness and desertion.
When I read the names inscribed on the banners, they were those of men scattered far and wide about the world; some tossing upon distant seas; some under arms in distant lands; same mingling in the busy intrigues of courts and cabinets; all seeking to deserve one more distinction in this mansion of shadowy honors: the melancholy reward of a monument.
Two small aisles on each side of this chapel present a touching instance of the equality of the graves; which brings down the oppressor to a level with the oppressed, and mingles the dust of the bitterest enemies together. In one is the sepulchre of the haughty Elizabeth; in the other is that of her victim, the lovely and unfortunate Mary. Not an hour in the day but some ejaculation of pity is uttered over the fate of the latter, mingled with indignation at her oppressor. The walls of Elizabeth’ s sepulchre continually echo with the sighs of sympathy heaved at the grave of her rival.
A peculiar melancholy reigns over the aisle where Mary lies buried. The light struggles dimly through windows darkened by dust. The greater part of the place is in deep shadow, and the walls are stained and tinted by time and weather. A marble figure of Mary is stretched upon the tomb, round which is an iron railing, much corroded, bearing her national emblem — the thistle. I was weary with wandering, and sat down to rest myself by the monument, revolving in my mind the checked and disastrous story of poor Mary.
The sound of casual footsteps had ceased from the abbey. I could only hear, now and then, the distant voice of the priest repeating the evening service, and the faint responses of the choir, these paused for a time, and all was hushed. The stillness, the desertion and obscurity that were gradually prevailing around, gave a deeper and more solemn interest to the place.
For in the silent grave no conversation,
No joyful tread of friends, no voice of lovers,
No careful father’ s counsel — nothing’ s heard,
For nothing is, but all oblivion,
Dust and an endless darkness.
正值深秋时节,这时的天气让人感觉冷清而忧郁,早晨的阴影几乎和傍晚的相接,这更给岁末衰落的气氛笼罩了一层灰蒙蒙的色彩。就是在这样的一天,我一个人在威斯敏斯特教堂走了几个小时。在这古老的建筑群中,有一种凄凉的感觉与这个季节的色调刚好吻合。我跨进门槛,似乎一脚迈进了古老的年代,将自己融入久远之前的夜色中。
我是从威斯敏斯特学校的内庭进去的,穿过一道低矮的有着弧顶的长廊,感觉像是在隧道里。周围是厚厚的墙壁,墙上的小孔透出丝丝光线,这里反而显得更加幽暗了。穿过这道长廊,我可以远远地望见前方的拱廊,一个上了年纪的教堂司事,身着黑色长袍,正从阴影里走过,那模样就像是一个刚刚从附近墓中爬出来的幽灵。这条路正是古修道院的遗址,景色分外凄凉,我的思绪因此陷入了庄严的沉思默想之中。这条道路一如既往地寂静,与世隔绝。灰色的墙壁因为受到潮湿空气的侵蚀,早已褪了色,而且由于年代久远,也逐渐呈现出衰败的迹象。墙壁上覆盖了一层灰白的苔衣,让人无法辨认清楚上面的碑文、骷髅像和各种丧葬的标志。弧顶上本来雕刻有华丽富贵的花纹,如今早已不见那些斧凿的痕迹;当年拱石顶上枝繁叶茂的玫瑰花也不见了昔日的风采。这里所有的事物都刻上了岁月的痕迹,然而就是在这样的颓废之中,依然有一种让人怦然心动、欢喜愉悦的感觉。
一道金秋的阳光从拱廊的广场上空倾泻下来,照耀着中间稀稀拉拉的小草,也给拱廊的一角披上一层微暗的光线。从拱廊中间抬头远望,可以看见一小片蓝天或时而飘过的白云,还有那铺满了金子般阳光的塔尖正笔直地向蓝天延伸。
我缓缓地走在拱廊上,时而思索着这融合了辉煌与颓败的景象,时而又力求辨析我脚下墓石上的碑文。这时,三座雕塑工艺粗糙的浮像吸引了我的目光,经过几代人在上面来来回回的行走,它们几乎很难辨认清楚了。这是这座寺院早期三位住持的浮雕像,上面的墓志铭已经全被磨掉了,只剩下三个名字——很明显这也是经过后人重新修整的。(泰里斯住持,1082年;吉斯勃塔斯?克里斯宾诺斯住持,1114年;劳伦修斯住持,1176年)我在这里停留片刻,默默地看着这些残缺不全的古人遗迹。它们就像几艘抛了锚的破船,停靠在悠悠岁月的岸边,唯一能说给人们听的就是这几个人曾经活着,而现在已经不复存在了。它们所蕴涵的道德意义,不过是告诫那些企图死后还想受人敬仰的人,要依靠墓志铭得以永生简直是痴心妄想。
再过些时日,甚至连这些模糊不清的记录都将消失,而所谓的纪念碑也不再是什么纪念物了。就在我俯视这些墓碑时,突然被大寺的钟声唤醒,钟声在墙壁之间回荡,刹那间整个拱廊都产生了共鸣。从坟墓里传出来的钟声,真是让人不寒而栗,它向人们提示时光的消逝,好似巨大的浪潮,不断地把我们推向坟墓。我继续向前走,到了一扇通向大寺里面的拱门前。走进大门,只见在拱门的衬托下,里面的建筑物显得更加雄伟壮丽。我瞪大了双眼,看着那一根根巨大的圆柱,圆柱上横架着一根根拱梁,它们那么高,真让人惊叹不已。站在柱脚下,人们不禁会想到,与人类的建筑比起来,人类自己是如此渺小。这座空旷幽暗的大寺,顿时让人产生一种神秘的敬畏之情。我们小心谨慎地走过,生怕打破了墓地的肃静;而每当四周的墙壁传出脚步声时,坟墓间也作出了低沉的回应,我们更加深刻地感受到四周的宁静,只是此时的宁静已被我们破坏了。
也许是寺院本身庄严肃穆的气氛压抑着游客的心灵,我们大家都肃然起敬,并且压低了所有的声音。我们感觉周身都被古代伟人的遗骸包围着,他们的丰功伟绩载满史册,声名遍誉世界。
但是,想到人类所谓的宏伟抱负到头来不过是虚幻一场,我不禁要嘲笑他们:如今这些英雄七零八落地挤在这尘土之中,想当初他们在世时,整个帝国都不曾让他们满足,而死后只是在这个吝啬的地方一个阴暗的角落,分得了一点点贫瘠的土地。过去,他们试图让人们永远铭记他们的名字,并世世代代瞻仰他们,如今人们却在他们的坟墓上想方设法地雕刻出各种形状和花纹——而这么做只是为了吸引游客们不经意瞥来的目光,免得人们过不了几年就把他们显赫一时的名字抛到脑后了。
……
我仍然顺着这条路走过一座座坟墓、一所所礼拜堂。天色慢慢地暗了下来,从远处传来的游客的脚步声也越来越稀少了。动听的铃声提醒着人们晚祷的时间到了,我远远就能看见唱诗班的人们穿着白色的法衣穿过走廊纷纷就位。我站在亨利七世礼拜堂的入口处,走过大堂前的几层台阶,然后穿过一道昏暗却雄伟的长拱门。巨大的铜门上雕满了精细华丽的花纹,门上的铰链发出沉重的响声,一副傲气十足的样子,似乎是不让这些凡夫俗子进入这最豪华的灵堂。
进入大堂内,里面华丽的建筑和精美的雕刻简直让人目不暇接。墙上每一个地方都布满了精巧的装饰,里面镶嵌着雕花窗格,拼成一座座壁龛,其中塞满了圣人和殉难者的雕像。炉火纯青的雕凿技术把石头雕刻得几乎看不出它本来的重量和密度,像被施了魔法似的吊在半空中。还有那屋顶,装饰着无比精巧美丽的花纹,好像是一张牢不可破的蛛网那样悬在半空中。
在礼拜堂的两侧,设有巴斯武士高大的坐席,它们全部用橡木雕凿得富贵华丽,上面还有哥特式建筑的怪异装饰。武士的头盔、绶带和佩剑被摆放在坐席的顶端。在这些物品的上方悬挂着武士的旗帜,上面装饰着纹章,这些金色、紫色和大红色耀眼夺目,与精雕细凿的灰暗屋顶形成鲜明的对比。在这个宏伟大厅的正中间,就是这座陵墓的主人——亨利七世的坟墓,他和皇后的雕像躺在一块豪华的墓石上,周围环绕着铸炼精细的黄铜栅栏。
这种奢华瑰丽的气氛,却让人有种阴沉压抑的感觉:这是一个混合了坟墓和战利品的怪异场合,这些标志象征着朝气蓬勃和雄心壮志,如今却被摆放在满是灰尘和被人遗忘的纪念物中间,而所有的一切最终也会消逝在这些尘埃和遗忘之中。走在这个曾经热闹繁华而如今孤寂苍凉的地方,心中涌起一种无法言说的落寞感受。环视周围武士和他们的侍从们空空如也的座位,看着飘扬在他们面前的一排排布满了灰尘却依然锦绣华丽的军旗,我不禁想象昔日的盛况:全国上下的英雄和美人都云集在这宽敞明亮的大厅里,这里因为有了这些珠光宝气的仕女和英武的武士行列而璀璨生辉;不绝于耳的脚步声和赞扬声在整个大厅回荡。而这一切突然就消失不见了,重新恢复到这死气沉沉的寂静,除了偶尔几声小鸟的鸣叫。连鸟儿都驻扎在这所礼拜堂,并把它们的巢穴建造在梁柱之间——由此可见,这里是多么的荒凉和寂寞。
我读着旗子上刺绣的人名,这些人曾经被派驻到各个地方,有的远渡重洋,有的征战他乡,有的在宫廷与内阁的阴谋中纠缠,但他们有个共同的愿望——使自己的名声在这所阴暗的墓堂中得到更多的表彰——也就是一块阴郁的纪念碑。
在礼拜堂的两侧设有小型的侧堂——这样做的目的是为了明示这座墓地的平等观念:它把压迫者和被压迫者放在同一个地位,让世代夙敌的遗骸相聚在一起。其中的一个侧堂是那位傲慢的伊丽莎白之墓,而另外一个则是那可爱又可怜的被她杀死了的玛丽之墓。对于后者,每一天里的每个时刻都会有人来悲怜叹息她凄惨的命运,在这声声叹息中也包含了对前者的愤怒。于是,在伊丽莎白墓周围的墙壁上,就经常回荡着人们同情玛丽的声音。
一种怪异阴郁的气氛笼罩在埋葬着玛丽的那个侧堂之上。阳光透过布满灰尘的窗户照射进来,一切都是这么幽暗,大部分地方都被黑暗的阴影笼罩着,岁月和气候在墙壁上留下了痕迹。一座玛丽的大理石雕像躺在碑石上面,四周的铁栅栏锈迹斑斑,上面还雕刻着她的国徽——苏格兰的蓟花。我已经走得有点儿累了,于是坐在纪念碑下歇息,脑海里便不由自主地想起玛丽坎坷不幸的一生。
教堂里零零落落的脚步声渐渐地消失了,我的耳边偶尔传来远处修士们的晚祷声和唱诗班轻柔的应答声。当所有这些声音都平息后,整个教堂也沉静下来。平静、荒凉和幽暗慢慢地靠近,使人们对这个地方产生了一种更加深邃和庄严的感情。
在寂静的墓地里没有说话的声音,
没有朋友们轻快的脚步声,没有情侣们呼唤的声音,
也没有细心的父亲忠诚的告诫——什么都听不到,
因为一切都是虚无,一切都被遗忘,
只有尘土和无际的黑暗。
记忆填空
1. It is almost startling to hear this__ of departed time sounding among the tombs, and telling the lapse of the__ , which, like a billow, has rolled us onward towards the__ .
2.__ impresses the mind with a__ feeling of loneliness than to tread the silent and deserted scene of former throng and pageant.
3. I could only__ , now and__ , the distant voice of the priest repeating the evening service, and the faint responses of the choir, these paused for a time, and all was__ .
佳句翻译
1. 我跨进门槛,似乎一脚迈进了古老的年代,将自己融入久远之前的夜色中。
译__________________
2. 进入大堂内,里面华丽的建筑和精美的雕刻简直让人目不暇接。
译__________________
3. 而这一切突然就消失不见了,重新恢复到这死气沉沉的寂静,除了偶尔几声小鸟的鸣叫。
译__________________
短语应用
1. ...which brings down the oppressor to a level with the oppressed...
bring down:拿下,打落,使倒下,(使)减少
造__________________
2. A peculiar melancholy reigns over the aisle where Mary lies buried.
reign over:统治,盛行
造__________________
八月
August
查尔斯·狄更斯 / Charles Dickens
查尔斯·狄更斯(1812—1870),英国著名散文家、小说家。早年以“Boz”的笔名在报章杂志上发表作品,文章深刻探讨社会病态、道德沦落等现象。狄更斯一生创作了大量的作品,除了小说以外,他在散文、游记、诗歌等各种体裁上均有涉猎,但成就最高的还是长篇小说。其代表作有《双城记》《匹克威克外传》《大卫?科波菲尔》《荒凉山庄》《艰难时世》。
There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers—when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth—and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and cornfields ring with the hum of labour; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear.
As the coach rolls swiftly past the fields and orchards which skirt the road, groups of women and children, piling the fruit in sieves, or gathering the scattered ears of corn, pause for an instant from their labour, and shading the sunburnt face with a still browner hand, gaze upon the passengers with curious eyes, while some stout urchin, too small to work but too mischievous to be left at home, scrambles over the side of the basket in which he has been deposited for security, and kicks and screams with delight. The reaper stops in his work, and stands with folded arms, looking at the vehicle as it whirls past; and the rough cart-horses bestow a sleepy glance upon the smart coach team, which says, as plainly as a horse’ s glance can, “It’ s all very fine to look at, but slow going, over a heavy field, is better than warm work like that, upon a dusty road, after all.” You cast a look behind you, as you turn a corner of the road. The women and children have resumed their labour: the reaper once more stoops to his work: the cart-horses has moved on: and all are again in motion.
一年之中,没有任何一个月的自然风光比得过8月的风采。春天美不胜收,而5月也是—个清新、花开的月份,由于有冬季的对比,所以每年的此刻更显得魅力四射。8月就没有这样的优势。它来的时候,我们只记得明朗的天空,绿绿的田野,还有芳香四溢的花朵——记忆中的冰雪、寒风都已完全消失,仿佛它们在地球上了无踪迹——然而八月是多么愉快的季节啊!果园和麦田到处都充溢着工作的声响,串串硕果压得果树都弯下了腰,枝条低垂到地面,还有玉米,有的一捆捆优雅地堆在一起,有的则迎着微风招展,仿佛等待收割,把景致染上淡淡的金黄色。整个大地似乎笼罩着醇美的柔和。季节的影响,似乎蔓延至那辆马车,它缓慢地越过收割好的田地,这一切只有肉眼才觉察得到,耳朵听不到任何刺耳的声音。
马车摇晃着,轻快地经过路边的田野与果园,一群妇女和孩子们,有的正将水果往筛子上堆,有的则在捡散落的玉米穗子,他们稍停了会儿手中的活,用深褐色的手遮在晒黑的脸上,以好奇的眼神望着乘客。一些结实的小顽童,太小还不能上学,但又不能把他们留在家中胡闹,便出于安全的考虑被安置在篮子里,这时也爬过了篮边,高兴得又踢又叫。收割的人停下了手里的活,双臂交叉地站着看马车通过,而拖货车的毛茸茸的马也睡眼惺忪地向那灵巧的马车队看了一眼,它的眼神很明白地表露出:“看看倒是不错,但在崎岖的田地上慢慢走,总比那么辛苦的工作要好,尤其是在尘土飞扬的路上。”当你拐过转角时,回头瞧瞧你的身后吧。妇女和孩子们又开始干活了:收割的人又弯下了腰,拖货车的马已继续前进。所有的一切又恢复了工作。
心灵小语
一年之中,没有任何一个月的自然风光比得过八月的风采。
记忆填空
1. Spring has many beauties, and__ is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the__ season.
2.“It’s all very__ to look at, but slow going, over a heavy field, is__
than warm work like that, upon a dusty road, after all.”
3. The women and__ have resumed their labour: the reaper once more stoops to his__ : the cart-horses has moved on: and all are again in motion.
佳句翻译
1. 串串硕果压得果树都弯下了腰,枝条低垂到地面。
译__________________
2. 收割的人停下了手里的活,双臂交叉地站着看马车通过。
译__________________
3. 当你拐过转角时,回头瞧瞧你的身后吧。
译__________________
短语应用
1. ...enhanced by their contrast with the winter season.
contrast with:与……形成对比;和……相对照
造__________________
2. ... the reaper one more stoops to his work...
once more:再一次,又一次
造__________________
初 雪
First Snow
约翰?博因顿?普里斯特利 / John Boynton Priestley
约翰?博因顿?普里斯特利(1894—1984),英国小说家、剧作家、评论家。曾就读于剑桥大学,1922年到伦敦,从事文学创作。他的作品被人们广为传阅的有小说《好伙伴》《天使街》,剧本《危险的角落》《我曾到过那里》等。其散文写作思想纯真细腻,文笔婉转流畅,语言生动活泼,让人在平实的生活中感受人生的乐趣。
Mr. Robert Lynd once remarked of Jane Austen’ s characters: hey are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event. Even at the risk of appearing to this witty and genial critic as another Mr. Woodhouse, I must insist that last night’ s fall of snow here was an event. I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all peering through the nursery window at the magic outside and chattering as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and enchanting to me as it was to them. It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, broiling in the tropics, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted. It was while I was away last year that I met the three young girls from British Guiana who had just returned from their first visit to England. The two things that had impressed them most were the endless crowds of people in the London street, all strangers(they emphasized this, for they had spent all their lives in a little town where everybody knows everybody), and the snow-covered landscape they awoke to, one morning when they were staying somewhere in Somerset. They were so thrilled and delighted that they flung away any pretence of being demure young ladies and rushed out of the house to run to and fro across the glittering white expanses, happily scattering footmarks on the untrodden surface, just as the children did in the garden this morning.
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not enchantment, then where is it to be found? The very stealth, the eerie quietness, of the thing makes it more magical. If all the snow fell at once in one shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of the night the event would be robbed of its wonder. But it flutters down, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains of the bedroom a vast transformation scene is taking place, just as if a myriad elves and brownies were at work, and we turn and yawn and stretch and know nothing about it. And then, what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house you are in had been dropped down in another continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched, seems different, every room appearing smaller and cosier, just as if some power were trying to turn it into a woodcutter’ s hut or a snug log-cabin. Outside, where the garden was yesterday, there is now a white and glistening level, and the village beyond is no longer your own familiar cluster of roofs but a village in an old German fairy-tale. You would not be surprised to learn that all the people there, the spectacled postmistress, the cobbler, the retired school master, and the rest, had suffered a change too and had become queer elvish beings, purveyors of invisible caps and magic shoes. You yourselves do not feel quite the same people you were yesterday. How could you when so much has been changed? There is a curious stir, a little shiver of excitement, troubling the house, not unlike the feeling there is abroad when a journey has to be made. The children, of course, are all excitement but even the adults hang about and talk to one another longer than usual before settling down to the day’ s work. Nobody can resist the windows. It is like being on board a ship.
When I got up this morning the world was a chilled hollow of dead white and faint blues. The light that came through the windows was very queer, and it contrived to make the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing very queer too. Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast. It was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. The dining room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print. The little plum-tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its boughs and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight. An hour or two later everything was a cold glitter of white and blue. The world had completely changed again. The little Japanese prints had all vanished. I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the meadow, to the low hills beyond, and the ground was one long glare, the sky was steely, and all the trees so many black and sinister shapes. There was indeed something curiously sinister about the whole prospect. It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel steppe. At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black copse, so many instruments of tyranny might be heard and some distant patch of snow be reddened. It was that kind of landscape.
Now it has changed again. The glare has gone and no touch of the sinister remains. But the snow is falling heavily, in great soft flakes, so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley, and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending, and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen. From my study, which is part from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the nursery window, and there is running through my head a jangle of rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window watching the falling snow:
Snow, snow faster:
White alabaster!
Killing geese in Scotland,
Sending feathers here!
罗伯特·林德曾这样评论简?奥斯汀笔下的人物:“他们是这样的人,在他们的生活中,能遇上一场小雪就算是一件大事。”尽管可能被这位诙谐而温和的评论家看成是伍德豪斯式的人物,我仍然坚持认为,昨晚这里下了一场雪的确是一件大事。清晨,看到这皑皑白雪,我和孩子们不禁兴奋起来,我看到他们在幼儿室的窗户前凝望着外面奇妙的世界,七嘴八舌说个没完,仿佛又要过圣诞节了。事实上,这场雪对我和孩子们来说都是惊奇、迷人的。这是这里今年冬天的第一场雪,由于去年此时我身在国外,在落雪时节正经历着热带的高温,所以再次看到铺着这洁白地毯的大地,有种久违了的感觉。去年在国外时,我遇上英属圭亚那3个年轻的女孩子,她们刚结束对英国的初访。她们印象最深的两件事是:伦敦街头熙熙攘攘的人群,全都是陌生的面孔(她们强调这一点,是因为她们一直生活在小镇,人们彼此都很熟悉);另外一件事是在索默塞特某地,一天清晨醒来忽然见到了白雪皑皑的景象。她们欣喜若狂,一扫淑女的矜持,冲出屋子,来回奔跑在那片晶莹洁白的雪地上,在无人踩过的雪毯上,留下了横七竖八快乐的脚印,正像孩子们今天早晨在花园里做的那样。
这场初雪不仅是件大事,而且还是件有魔力的大事。你睡觉时处在一个世界里,而醒来时,却发现你在一个截然不同的世界里。如果这都不让人沉醉,那么,到哪里去找更醉人的东西呢?一切都悄然地在一种神秘的沉静中完成,这更给这场初雪增添了玄妙的色彩。若所有的雪铺天盖地倾泻下来,把我们从午夜的沉睡中惊醒,那么,这就没什么值得欢呼雀跃的了。但它却是趁我们熟睡时,分秒必争,悄无声息地飘落下来。卧室里窗帘拉拢了,外面却发生着翻天覆地的变化,犹如无数的精灵仙童在悄悄地施展魔法,而我们只是翻个身,打个呵欠,伸一下懒腰,对此毫无知觉。然而,这变化是多么巨大呀!我们住的房子仿佛掉进了另一片天地。
即使在白雪鞭长莫及的室内,也好像不一样了,每个房间都显得小巧而温馨,好像有某种力量的驱使让它成为一个伐木工的棚屋,或一所温暖舒适的圆木房。外面,昨天的花园,现在却是晶莹皎洁的一片,远处的村落犹如置于古老德国神话中的一个仙境,不再是你所熟识的一排排房屋了。所有住在那里的人们:戴眼镜的邮政局女局长、鞋匠、退休的小学校长以及其他人,如果你听说他们都改弦更张,成了古怪精灵般的人物,能为你提供隐身帽和魔术鞋,你也不要感到不可思议。你也会觉得自己和昨天不太一样。一切都在变化,你又怎会一成不变呢?屋里萦绕着一种莫名其妙的激动,一种由兴奋而产生的微弱的颤动,让人心神不宁,这和人们将要做一次旅行时所常有的那种感觉没什么两样。孩子们当然无比兴奋,就连大人们在准备开始一天的工作之前,拢在一起聊天的时间也比以往要长一些。任何人都会不由自主地到窗户前去瞧瞧——这种情形就和人们在一艘远行的游轮上一样。
今天早晨起床时,整个世界变成了淡蓝洁白交相呼应的冰封天地。光线从窗户射进来,迷迷离离,竟然使得洗脸、刷牙、刮胡子、穿衣服这些日常小事也显得很离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了,到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已经是绚丽夺目,给雪地添上一抹柔和的淡粉色。餐厅的窗户成了一幅可爱的日本版画,屋外的小梅树愉快地沐浴着日光,枝杈上镶嵌的淡粉色的雪花巧妙地装点着树干。过了一两个小时,万物都成了寒气四溢、白蓝交辉的发光体,世界再次焕然一新,那精巧的日本版画已然消失。我从书房的窗户望去,穿过花园,越过草地,看到那远处的低丘,大地晶莹皎洁,天空一片铅灰,所有的树木都阴森恐怖——确实有种非同寻常的危险蕴藏在这景象之中。它好像把我们这个与英国中心毗邻的宜人乡村变成了一个残忍冷酷的荒原。在那幽暗的矮树林中,似乎有一队骑兵随时都会从里面冲杀出来,随时都会听到刀剑无情的砍杀声,也可能会看到远方某一处雪地被鲜血染红。
——这就是我看到的情景。
这时情况又在变化。光亮已经消逝,那恐怖的迹象也荡然无存。雪下得正紧,大片大片柔软的雪花洋洋洒洒,因而人们几乎看不清对面那浅浅的山谷,厚厚的积雪压着屋顶,树木也都弯下了腰,映着影影绰绰的光芒,乡村教堂的风标依然清晰可见,然而它已变成安徒生笔下的某种动物了。我的书房独立于整所房子,从这儿我可以看到幼儿室的孩子们把鼻尖紧紧地贴在玻璃窗上。突然,我的脑海里响起一首儿歌,虽然音韵不协调,但在我孩提时,每当鼻尖紧贴着冰冷的玻璃凝视着飘舞的雪花,总唱起它:
雪花,雪花,飘得快,
洁白的雪花真可爱!
苏格兰宰了多少鹅,
片片鹅毛这边飘落!
心灵小语
任何一个真正见过雪的人,都会和作者有同样的感受,雪似乎是从天上而来的精灵,这是人类倾其所有也无法制造出来的。
记忆填空
1. I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the__ , whom I found all peering through the nursery__ at the magic outside and chattering as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly__ round again.
2. Then the__ came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast. It was__ bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
3. It was as if our kindly countryside,__ to the very heart of England, had been turned__ a cruel steppe.
佳句翻译
1. 一切都在变化,你又怎能一成不变?
译__________________
2. 今天早上起床时,整个世界变成了淡蓝洁白交相呼应的冰封天地。
译__________________
3. 到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光线已经是绚丽夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的淡粉色。
译__________________
短语应用
1. ...and rushed out of the house to run and fro across the glittering white expanses...
run and fro:来回地
造__________________
2. ...before settling down to the day’s work.
settle down:专心于;安定下来
造__________________
阳光下的时光
Hours in the Sun
约翰·布莱德利 / John H.Bradley
约翰·布莱德利(1815—1870),19世纪美国著名的专栏作家、评论家、文学家,著有散文集《幸福时光》及新闻专著若干本。
“...I was rich, if not in money, in sunny hours and summer days.”
——Henry David Thoreau
When Thoreau wrote that line, he was thinking of the Walden Pond he knew as a boy.
Woodchoppers and the Iron Horse had not yet greatly damaged the beauty of its setting. A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat, lazily drifting from shore to shore while the loons dived and the swallows dipped around him. Thoreau loved to recall such sunny hours and summer days “when idleness was the most attractive and productive business.”
I too was once a boy in love with a pond, rich in sunny hours and summer days. Sun and summer are still what they always were, but the boy and the pond changed. The boy, who is now a man, no longer finds much time for idle drifting. The pond has been annexed by a great city. The swamps where herons once hunted are now drained and filled with houses. The bay where water lilies quietly floated is now a harbor for motor boats. In short, everything that the boy loved no longer exists—except in the man’ s memory of it.
Some people insist that only today and tomorrow matter. But how much poorer we would be if we really lived by that rule! So much of what we do today is frivolous and futile and soon forgotten. So much of what we hope to do tomorrow never happens.
The past is the bank in which we store our most valuable possession—the memories that give meaning and depth to our lives.
Those who truly treasure the past will not bemoan the passing of the good old days, because days enshrined in memory are never lost. Death itself is powerless to still a remembered voice or erase a remembered smile. And for one boy who is now a man, there is a pond which neither time nor tide can change, where he can still spend a quiet hour in the sun.
“虽然我不富甲天下,却拥有无数个艳阳天和夏日。”
________ ——亨利?大卫?梭罗
写这句话时,梭罗想起孩提时代的瓦尔登湖。
当时伐木者和火车尚未严重破坏湖畔的美丽景致。小男孩可以走向湖中,仰卧小舟,从一岸缓缓漂向另一岸,周遭有鸟儿戏水,燕子翻飞。梭罗喜欢回忆这样的艳阳天和夏日,“这时,慵懒是最迷人也是最具生产力的事情!”
我也曾是热爱湖塘的小男孩,拥有无数艳阳天与夏日。如今阳光、夏日依旧,男孩和湖塘却已改变。那男孩已长大成人,不再有那么多时间泛舟湖上,而湖塘也为大城市所并。曾有苍鹭觅食的沼泽,如今已枯竭殆尽,上面盖满了房舍。睡莲静静漂浮的湖湾,现在成了汽艇的避风港。总之,男孩所爱的一切都已不复存在——只留在人们的回忆中。
有些人坚持认为只有今日和明日才是重要的,可是如果真的照此生活,我们将是何其可怜!许多今日我们做的事是徒劳不足取的,很快就会被忘记。许多我们期待明天将要做的事情却从来没有发生过。
过去是一所银行,我们将最可贵的财产——记忆珍藏其中。记忆赐予我们生命的意义和深度。
真正珍惜过去的人,不会悲叹旧日美好时光的逝去,因为藏于记忆中的时光永不流失。死亡本身无法止住一个记忆中的声音,或擦除一个记忆中的微笑。对现已长大成人的那个男孩来说,那儿将有一个池塘不会因时间和潮汐而改变,可以让他继续在阳光下享受安静时光。
心灵小语
幸福其实很简单,就是在阳光下享受安静时光。
记忆填空
1. I too was__ a boy in love with a pond, rich in__ hours and summer days. Sun and summer are still what they always were, but the boy and the pond__ .
2. In short, everything that the boy loved no__ exists—except in the man’s__ of it.
3. And for one boy who is now a__ , there is a pond which neither time________
__ tide can change, where he can still spend a quiet hour in the__ .
佳句翻译
1. 有些人坚持认为只有今日和明日才是重要的,可是如果真的照此生活,我们将是何其可怜!
译__________________
2. 过去是一所银行,我们将最可贵的财产——记忆珍藏其中。记忆赐予我们生命的意义和深度。
译__________________
3. 藏于记忆中的时光永不流失。
译__________________
短语应用
1. A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat....
lie on:位于
造__________________
2. Some people insist that only today and tomorrow matter.
insist that:坚持说;坚持主张
造__________________
孤独
Solitude
亨利·大卫·梭罗 / Henry David Thoreau
亨利·大卫·梭罗(1817—1862),散文家、超验主义哲学家。出生于美国以超验主义中心著称的康科德,并在那儿度过了大半生。梭罗毕生以超验主义作为自己的生活原则,并将之发挥到极致;他一生未娶,曾隐居瓦尔登湖两年有余,过着与世隔绝的生活,并在湖边的木屋里写下了著名的《瓦尔登湖》一书。
This is a delicious evening, when the whole body is one sense, and imbibes delight through every pore. I go and come with a strange liberty in Nature, a part of herself. As I walk along the stony shore of the pond in my shirt-sleeves, though it is cool as well as cloudy and windy, and I see nothing special to attract me, all the elements are unusually congenial to me. The bullfrogs trump to usher in the night, and the note of the whippoorwill is borne on the rippling wind from over the water. Sympathy with the fluttering alder and poplar leaves almost takes away my breath; yet, like the lake, my serenity is rippled but not ruffled. These small waves raised by the evening wind are as remote from storm as the smooth reflecting surface. Though it is now dark, the wind still blows and roars in the wood, the waves still dash, and some creatures lull the rest with their notes. The repose is never complete. The wildest animals do not repose, but seek their prey now; the fox, and skunk, and rabbit, now roam the fields and woods without fear. They are Nature' s watchmen—links which connect the days of animated life.
When I return to my house I find that visitors have been there and left their cards, either a bunch of flowers, or a wreath of evergreen, or a name in pencil on a yellow walnut leaf or a chip. They who come rarely to the woods take some little piece of the forest into their hands to play with by the way, which they leave, either intentionally or accidentally. One has peeled a willow wand, woven it into a ring, and dropped it on my table. I could always tell if visitors had called in my absence, either by the bended twigs or grass, or the print of their shoes, and generally of what sex or age or quality they were by some slight trace left, as a flower dropped, or a bunch of grass plucked and thrown away, even as far off as the railroad, half a mile distant, or by the lingering odor of a cigar or pipe. Nay, I was frequently notified of the passage of a traveller along the highway sixty rods off by the scent of his pipe.
There is commonly sufficient space about us. Our horizon is never quite at our elbows. The thick wood is not just at our door, nor the pond, but somewhat is always clearing, familiar and worn by us, appropriated and fenced in some way, and reclaimed from Nature. For what reason have I this vast range and circuit, some square miles of unfrequented forest, for my privacy, abandoned to me by men? My nearest neighbor is a mile distant, and no house is visible from any place but the hill-tops within half a mile of my own. I have my horizon bounded by woods all to myself; a distant view of the railroad where it touches the pond on the one hand, and of the fence which skirts the woodland road on the other. But for the most part it is as solitary where I live as on the prairies. It is as much Asia or Africa as New England. I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself. At night there was never a traveller passed my house, or knocked at my door, more than if I were the first or last man; unless it were in the spring, when at long intervals some came from the village to fish for pouts—they plainly fished much more in the Walden Pond of their own natures, and baited their hooks with darkness—but they soon retreated, usually with light baskets, and left he world to darkness and to me, and the black kernel of the night was never profaned by any human neighborhood. I believe that men are generally still a little afraid of the dark, though the witches are all hung, and Christianity and candles have been introduced.
Yet I experienced sometimes that the most sweet and tender, the most innocent and encouraging society may be found in any natural object, even for the poor misanthrope and most melancholy man. There can be no very black melancholy to him who lives in the midst of Nature and has his senses still. While I enjoy the friendship of the seasons I trust that nothing can make life a burden to me.
Men frequently say to me, “I should think you would feel lonesome down there, and want to be nearer to folks, rainy and snowy days and nights especially.” I am tempted to reply to such—this whole earth which we inhabit is but a point in space. How far apart, think you, dwell the two most distant inhabitants of yonder star, the breadth of whose disk cannot be appreciated by our instruments? Why should I feel lonely? Is not our planet in the Milky Way? This which you put seems to me not to be the most important question. What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary? I have found that no exertion of the legs can bring two minds much nearer to one another.
...
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can “see the folks,” and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day' s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and “the blues”; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.
Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old musty cheese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war. We meet at the post-office, and at the sociable, and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other' s way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factory—never alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live. The value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him.
...
I have a great deal of company in my house;especially in the morning, when nobody calls. Let me suggest a few comparisons, that some one may convey an idea of my situation. I am no more lonely than the loon in the pond that laughs so loud, or than Walden Pond itself. What company has that lonely lake, I pray. And yet it has not the blue devils, but the blue angels in it, in the azure tint of its waters. The sun is alone, except in thick weather, when there sometimes appear to be two, but one is a mock sun. God is alone—but the devil, he is far from being alone; he sees a great deal of company; he is legion. I am no more lonely than a single mullein or dandelion in a pasture, or a bean leaf, or sorrel, or a horse-fly, or a bumblebee. I am no more lonely than the Mill Brook, or a weathercock, or the north star, or the south wind, or an April shower, or a January thaw, or the first spider in a new house.
这是一个愉快的夜晚,周身就只有一种感觉,全身的毛孔都浸透着喜悦。我以一种奇异的姿态穿行于大自然之间,成为她的一部分。我身着衬衫,漫步于铺满石头的湖滨,虽然天气有些寒冷,云多风也大,而且我也没看到什么吸引我的东西,没有什么很让我挂心的事情,但这样的天气对于我却是很适宜的。牛蛙用呜呜的低鸣声迎来了黑夜,晚风让湖面荡起涟漪,湖面上也传来了夜鹰的音乐。赤杨和白杨迎风摇曳,激起我的激情,使我无法呼吸,然而像湖面一样,我的宁静也是水波不兴,如镜面般平静的湖水,不会掀起惊涛骇浪。天虽然已经黑了,可是风还在森林里吹拂咆哮,浪涛依旧拍打着湖岸,一些动物还在奏乐,催使其他动物入眠,这里没有绝对的宁静。最凶猛的动物还没有安静下来,正在寻觅它们的猎物;狐狸、臭鼬、兔子,也还在原野上漫游,在这大森林里,它们一点都不感到恐惧,它们是大自然的守护者——是连接着一个个生机勃勃的白天的链环。
当我回到家里的时候,发现有客人来访过,他们还留下了名片,要么是一束花,要么是一个常青树的花环,要么是在黄色的胡桃叶或木片上用铅笔写下的名字。那些不经常到森林的人喜欢一路上拿些小玩意儿在手上玩,有时是故意地,有时是偶然地就把它们留下了。有一位客人剥下了柳树皮,做了一个环圈,放在我的桌子上。我总是可以知道在我出门的时候有没有客人来过,不是树枝或青草弯倒了,就是一些脚印被留下了。一般情况下,我还能从他们留下的微妙痕迹里猜测出他们的年龄、性别和性格;有的丢下了花朵,有的抓来一把草又把它扔掉,甚至还有些一直带到半英里外的铁路上才扔掉;也有的时候,这里还残留着雪茄烟和烟斗的味道。我经常从烟斗的味道里注意到60杆之外的公路上正在行走的旅行者。
应该说我们周围的空间是很大的。我们不可能一伸手就触摸到地平线。郁郁葱葱的森林或湖泊也并不是就在我的门口,在这中间还有一块我们熟悉而且使用着的空地,我们多多少少整理了一些,还围了篱笆。我们仿佛是从大自然手中把它索取来的。我有什么理由要占领这么大的范围和规模,为什么这不见人烟、遭受人类遗弃、有着这么大面积的森林会归我所有呢?离我最近的邻居在一英里外,见不到什么房子,除非登上半里以外的小山顶举目远眺,才能看见一点房屋。我的地平线被森林包围起来,供我独自享用,望得最远的地方,也只是湖的一端铺设的铁路和湖的另一端沿着山林的公路上围建的篱笆。
从大体上看,我居住在这个地方,和生活在大草原上一样寂寞。这里离新英格兰像离亚洲和非洲一样远。可以说,我拥有自己的太阳、月亮和星星,这是一个完全属于自己的小世界。晚上的时候,从来没有人经过我的屋子,或者是敲我的门,我仿佛成了人类的第一个人或是最后一个人。除非是在春天,隔了很长时间,才会有人来钓鱼,而在瓦尔登湖,很显然他们只能钓到自己的本性,而鱼钩也只能钩起黑夜——于是他们很快就走了,常常是带着轻飘飘的鱼篓离开的,把“世界留给黑夜和我”,而黑夜的核心从来没有被人类任何一个邻舍亵渎过。我确信,通常人们还是有些害怕黑暗的,虽然妖魔都被绞死了,基督教和蜡烛的火焰也被引进来了。
然而有时我会有这样的经历,在任何一样大自然的事物中,你总能找到最甜蜜、最柔和、最纯真、最让人精神振奋的伴侣,就是对那些愤世嫉俗和忧心忡忡的人也是一样。生活在大自然中,只要感官还在发挥作用,就不可能有太深重的忧郁……当我享受着四季的友爱时,不管什么都不会让生命成为我沉重的负担。
……
常有人对我说:“我想你住在那里一定很寂寞,总想着和其他的人接触一下吧,尤其是在下雨下雪的日子和夜晚。”这个问题诱使我想做这样一番解释——我们居住的整个地球,在宇宙中也不过是一个小点罢了。而别的星球,我们用天文仪器还不能测其大小,你想象一下它上面两个相隔最远的居民间的距离又是多远呢?我怎么会感到寂寞呢?我们的地球不是在银河之中吗?在我看来,你提出的是一个最无关紧要的问题。人和人群要被怎样的空间分开才会感到寂寞呢?我已经找到了,人腿再努力也只能让人们走在一起,却无法使他们的心彼此靠近。
……
大部分的时间里,我都觉得独处有益于身心。与人交往,哪怕是最好的朋友,不久也会让人心生厌烦,精疲力竭。我喜欢独处。我没有遇见过比孤独更好的伙伴。当我们到国外,置身于人群当中时,也许会比一个人待在室内更感到寂寞。一个人正在思想或正在工作时总是孤独的,随便他身处何处。不能以一个人离开他的同伴有几英里远来计算他是不是孤独。在拥挤的剑桥学院里苦读的学生,只会感觉孤独得像沙漠上的一个伊斯兰教托钵僧一样。农夫可以一整天独自待在田地里,或者在森林中工作、耕地或者伐木,却不觉得寂寞,因为他有活儿干,可是当晚上回到家里,他却不能独自坐在房间里思考问题,而必须到能“看见人群”的地方消遣一下,按他的理解,这样做是为了补偿他一天的寂寞,因此他觉得很奇怪,为什么学生们可以一天到晚地待在教室里而不觉得无聊和“郁闷”,但是他没有意识到,学生坐在教室里学习,就像他在森林中采伐,像农夫在田地里或是在森林里劳作一样,过后学生也会去消遣,也需要进行社交,尽管那种形式可能更简单一些。
社交往往是很廉价的,我们相聚的时间是如此短暂,以至于来不及让彼此获得新的长处。我们在一日三餐的时间里见面。大家重新相互品尝我们这些陈腐乳酪的味道。我们必须一致同意若干条礼节习俗,这些是我们所谓的礼尚往来,能够使大家相安无事地相处,避免有失风度的争吵。我们在邮局碰面,在各种社交场合碰面,在每晚的火炉边碰面,我们的生活太拥挤,相互干扰,彼此牵扯到一起,因此我认为,我们之间已经太缺乏相互尊重了。当然,也有重要而热忱的聚会,次数少一点也足够。想想工厂中的女工们,生活中永远不会有自己独立的空间,甚至连做梦都不会是一个人。如果一个人能住上一平方英里,就像我住的地方一样,那情况就会好得多。人们交往的价值不在于有肌肤之亲,所以我们没有必要整日地待在一起。
……
我的房里有我很多伴儿,特别是早上没有人来访的时候。让我举例说明吧——也许用这种方式更能清楚地表达我的状况。我并不比湖中纵声高叫的潜水鸟寂寞,也不比瓦尔登湖本身寂寞。我倒是想获知有谁与这孤独的湖做伴?在它湛蓝的水波上,存在的不是蓝色的魔鬼,而是蓝色的天使。太阳是孤独的,除非天上布满了乌云,有时候看上去像有两个太阳,但其中一个是假的。上帝是孤独的,——但是魔鬼就决不会孤独,他看到许多同伙,他要拉帮结派。我并不比一朵毛蕊花或牧场上的一朵蒲公英孤独,我不比一片豆叶、一枝酢浆草,或一只马蝇、一只大黄蜂孤独。还有密尔溪、风信鸡、北极星或者南风,四月的暴雨、一月的冰雪消融,或者新屋里的第一只蜘蛛——所有这一切的一切,我都不比它们孤独、寂寞!
心灵小语
寂静中,享受孤独,享受一个人的狂欢。
记忆填空
1. My nearest neighbor is a mile__ , and no house is visible from any place__ the hill-tops within half a mile of my own.
2. I find it wholesome to be__ the greater part of the time. To be in__ , even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I__ to be alone.
3. Society is commonly too__ . We meet at very short intervals, not having had__ to acquire any new value for each other.
佳句翻译
1. 在瓦尔登湖,很显然他们只能钓到自己的本性,而鱼钩也只能钩起黑夜。
译__________________
2. 生活在大自然中,只要感官还在发挥作用,就不可能有太深重的忧郁。
译__________________
3. 人腿再努力也只能让人们走在一起,却无法使他们的心彼此靠近。
译__________________
短语应用
1. What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary?
separate from:(使)分离,(使)分开
造__________________
2. When he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts.
at the mercy of:在……支配下
造__________________
英国的农村生活
Rural Life in England
华盛顿·欧文/Washington Irving
华盛顿·欧文(1783—1859),享誉国际的文学家,也是19世纪最伟大的美国散文家之一。他生于纽约,在家中是11个孩子中最小的。欧文自幼聪颖,19岁攻读法律。1804年至1806年间游历欧洲,回国后取得律师资格。但是,他对当律师并不感兴趣,而且身体不太好。因此,他改变职业,以写作谋生,并进入仕途,曾任驻西班牙公使,旅居欧洲长达17年。他的杰作《见闻札记》就在这其间完成的,其中的《瑞普?凡?温克尔》已成为妇孺皆知的故事。总之,华盛顿?欧文在世界文学史上有着不可或缺的地位。
Nothing can be more imposing than the magnificence of English park scenery. Vast lawns that extend like sheets of vivid green, with here and there clumps of gigantic trees, heaping up rich piles of foliage. the solemn pomp of groves and woodland glades, with the deer trooping in silent herds across them; the hare, bounding away to the covert; or the pheasant, suddenly bursting upon the wing; the brook, taught to wind in natural meanderings or expand into a glassy lake—the sequestered pool, reflecting the quivering trees, with the yellow leaf sleeping on its bosom, and the trout roaming fearlessly about its limpid waters; while some rustic temple or sylvan statue, grown green and dank with age, gives an air of classic sanctity to the seclusion.
These are but a few of the features of park scenery; but what most delights me, is the creative talent with which the English decorate the unostentatious abodes of middle life. The rudest habitation, the most unpromising and scanty portion of land, in the hands of an Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise.
The sterile spot grows into loveliness under his (an Englishman) hands, and yet the operations of art which produce the effect are scarcely to be perceived. The cherishing and training of some trees; the cautious pruning of others; the nice distribution of flowers and plants of tender and graceful foliage; the introduction of a green slope of velvet turf; the partial opening to a peep of blue distance, or silver gleam of water: all these are managed with a delicate tact, a pervading yet quiet assiduity, like the magic touchings with which a painter finishes up a favorite picture.
The residence of people of fortune and refinement in the country has diffused a degree of taste and elegance in rural economy that descends to the lowest class. The very laborer, with his thatched cottage and narrow slip of ground, attends to their embellishment. The trim hedge, the grass, plot before the door, the little flower, bed bordered with snug box, the woodbine trained up against the wall, and hanging its blossoms about the lattice, the pot of flowers in the window, the holly, providently planted about the house, to cheat winter of its dreariness, and to throw in a semblance of green summer to cheer the fireside: all these bespeak the influence of taste, flowing down from high sources, and pervading the lowest levels of the public mind. If ever Love, as poets sing, delights to visit a cottage, it must be the cottage of an English peasant.
没有什么景物比英国公园的壮丽景色更吸引人了。广阔的草地就像一块鲜明的绿毯伸展开来,到处都是巨树丛林,它们聚成一簇簇茂盛的树叶丛:茂盛的小树林和宽敞的林间空地,有鹿群静静走过;野兔跳进藏身之所;雉鸟突然展翅高飞;小溪流顺着天然曲折的道路蜿蜒前行,或延展成平镜般的湖泊——这个幽静的水塘映出颤动的树影,黄叶静静地躺在塘心,鳟鱼无惧地悠游于清水之中;而一些乡间的庙宇及森林中的雕像,则因时间久远而变绿了,阴湿湿的,给这种隐蔽蒙上了一层古典圣洁的气氛。
这只不过是公园景观特色中很小的部分。英国人讲究他们朴实的中产阶级生活时的那种创造性才智,才是最让我欣赏的。在有品位的英国人手中,最简陋的住宅,前景不好而又贫乏的土地,也能成为一个小天堂。
在他(英国人)的手中,再贫瘠的土地也会变成可爱之地,而且看不到任何产生这种效果的艺术创作的迹象。对一些树的精心爱护和培育;对另一些树的谨慎的修剪;对娇嫩的植物和花朵的悉心分类;对鹅绒似的绿色草皮斜坡的引入;可以瞥见远处蔚蓝或银光闪烁水色的空隙……这一切都是以精巧的机智、无处不在又不露痕迹的勤勉来设计的,就像一位画家用神笔完成的一幅心爱之作。
乡村里,富有且教养良好的乡村住处,在乡村经济中散发出了一定程度的品位及优雅,并向最低等的阶层散布。即使是只拥有茅顶小屋及狭长空地的工人,也会注意装饰的问题。整洁的篱笆,门前的绿草地,环绕着的小花床,修过枝的忍冬攀在墙上,将花朵缀满了格子窗和窗台上的花盆,冬青则被巧妙地种植在房子周围。即使到了冬天,也满是夏天的样子,充满温暖,鼓舞着屋内围炉而坐的人们。这都是品位的影响力在起作用。它从高处汩汩向下,一直来到公众认为的最低等阶层中。如果诗人所歌颂的爱是针对农舍的话,那该农舍则非英国人的农舍莫属了。
心灵小语
在有品位的英国人手中,最简陋的住宅,前景不好而又贫乏的土地,也能成为一个小天堂。
记忆填空
1.__ can be more imposing than the magnificence of English park__ .
2. The rudest habitation, the most unpromising and scanty portion of__ , in the__ of an Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise.
3. The residence of people of fortune and refinement in the______
has diffused a degree of taste and elegance in rural economy that descends to the lowest____.
佳句翻译
1. 没有什么景物比英国公园的壮丽景色更吸引人了。
译__________________
2. 在他(英国人)的手中,再贫瘠的土地也会变成可爱之地,而且看不到任何产生这种效果的艺术操作的迹象。
译__________________
3. 即使到了冬天,也满是夏天的样子,充满温暖,鼓舞着屋内围炉而坐的人们。
译__________________
短语应用
1. ...in the hands of an Englishman of taste, becomes a little paradise.
in the hands of:由……负责
造__________________
2. The very laborer, with his thatched cottage and narrow slip of ground, attends to their embellishment.
attend to:注意,留意,专心于,照料
造__________________
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