Duke University,2007
Don‘t over plan your life.While planning for your future is great,the fact is,things change,and opportunities will arise for you.
不要过度规划你的生活。虽然规划未来很重要,但万事皆在变动,无法预料的各种机遇将不断出现在你面前。
Rick Wagoner
背景故事
当你踏入大学那一刻,一个你可能从来都不曾在意的词语——规划,突然间变得如影随形。大学规划,职业规划,人生规划。在这些规划面前,你也许会突然间手足无措,因为真的不了解自己。很多时候我们知道自己不想要什么,却很难发现自己想要的到底是什么,而排除法在生活中并不是那么好用。如果你对此感到困扰的话,为什么不倾听一下通用汽车CEO里克·瓦格纳的人生建议呢?
里克·瓦格纳在杜克大学2007年毕业典礼上演讲时提到,万事皆在变动,无法预料的各种机遇将不断地出现在你面前。变得灵活些,柔韧些,“全球化”些,对世界向你提供的一切怀着开放的心态。
名人简介
里克·瓦格纳(Rick Wagoner)美国通用汽车前CEO。1953年生,1975年从杜克大学毕业获得经济学学士学位,随后进入哈佛商学院进修,1977年刚毕业的瓦格纳加入了全球最大的汽车制造商——通用汽车公司,以一个普通财务人员的身份开始了他的汽车人生。2000年起担任美国通用汽车公司的CEO。
演讲赏析
Don’t Over Plan Your Life
Rick Wagoner·Chairman of General Motors Corp.
Duke University,2007
President Brodhead,members of the faculty and administration,honored guests,friends of Duke University,parents of today‘s graduates,and most especially,the Class of 2007.Let me start by saying,simply,thank you.As a son of Duke for my entire life,I can’t imagine a greater honor than giving the commencement address today.
Actually,whenever I speak publicly,I recall a conversation I had some years ago with one of our more famous fellow Duke grads,Grant Hill.Grant and I were preparing to speak at an event,me with several pages of notes,him with nothing.He said,“Hey,Rick,you know the five B‘s of a good speech?Be brief,brother,be brief.”And,so,I will be today,especially since it squares exactly with the advice of our esteemed President Brodhead.Dick,upon inviting me to give this speech,offered some content ideas and then said,(and I more or less quote)“And if you run over the allotted time,I’ll tackle you,myself.”And so,I‘d ask our graduating class,if it looks like President Brodhead is coming in for a sack,someone holler“Blitz!”and I’ll head for the sidelines.
Before going any further,let me acknowledge all the mothers and grandmothers in the audience,as today is Mother‘s Day,and I can’t imagine a greater gift on this important day than having a daughter or son graduating from Duke University.I know it was a big day for my mom 32years ago,when I sat where the Undergraduate Class of 2007now sits.
My mother has been a big influence in my life,as a huge supporter,and she continues that way.In fact,she‘s been checking up on me about this speech for a while now.When I talked to her a couple of Sundays ago,she said,“Rick,don’t you think it‘s time you get that speech prepared!”,which leads me to lesson number one for today:A mother’s advice continues for a lifetime-and you should listen and act upon that advice for a lifetime as well.Okay,mom,I read it just like you wrote it!Well,as I said,I‘ve been a son of Duke my entire life.My dad graduated in 1950.He and my mom were married at the time,so she probably qualifies as an honorary Dukie.I was attending football games right here,in this stadium,way back in the late 1950’s,and my ties with Duke have continued to grow since then.My wife,my sister,my brother-in-law,my sister-in-law,our oldest son(last year),our second son(next year,hopefully),all are,or will be,Duke grads.I even named our dog“Duke”.In fact,I tried to name our second dog“Coach K”,but my wife(and probably Coach K)thought that was too much.I thought it might be interesting for this year’s graduates,for me,to reflect back on what I was thinking about when I was sitting where you are 32years ago,and especially on what I may have been missing in my thinking back then,and what that might mean for you today.
I think the most important piece of advice that I can give you from my own experience is simply this,don‘t over plan your life.While planning for your future is great,the fact is,things change,and opportunities will arise for you that I suspect you,today,can’t even imagine.Do your best at whatever you‘re doing,but be open to opportunities as they come up.
Let me tell you what happened to me.When I was graduating from Duke,I was thinking about my next step,which was to go to Harvard Business School in the coming fall.Beyond that,I knew only one thing,I wanted to end up close to home.Remember,this was 32years ago,no internet,no cell phones,even international phone calls were a big deal back then.If I settled far away,or,heaven forbid,overseas,how would I keep up with my family and friends and Duke basketball?No way I could do that.So,when I finished business school in 1977,I joined General Motors,in our New York office,which was exotic enough for me!There,when I was asked which area I wanted to work in financial analysis,capital analysis,overseas analysis,etc.,I said anything but overseas analysis was okay with me.So,I got assigned to overseas analysis,and you know what?I actually liked it,a lot.
Then about four years later,I was asked if I wanted to become Treasurer of GM in Brazil-a great job,but with one obvious catch:I had to move to Brazil.So,I thought for sure we’d pass-my wife had a good job,we had just bought a house,and of course there was this Duke basketball thing.So,that night,I went home,asked my wife if she‘d like to move to Brazil,and to my surprise,she said most enthusiastically,“Yes!”Now,remember my first bit of advice about listening to your mom?Well,the same advice applies to your wife,too!(I’d say it applies to fathers and husbands,as well,but I‘m just not sure about that!)Well,from that point in our lives,Kathy and I spent virtually all of the next 11years living and working outside the United States-Brazil,Canada,Europe,Brazil again.And it turned out to be a great chance to grow as a business executive and-more importantly-as a person and as a family.It was undoubtedly,the best business and personal“learning experience”that I could have asked for.
Fortunately,many of you have already figured this out.I understand that nearly 50percent of Duke undergraduates study abroad,which is terrific,because the future is definitely,as we say now,global.
In my current job,I spend a lot of time traveling to places like India and China and Russia,and I’m confident that many of the major developments that will affect us all in the future,are going to occur in these and other emerging markets around the world.So,my advice is to be flexible,be open to everything the world has to offer,and be global.You‘ll be amazed at what you can learn,and how you can contribute.Another thing I got wrong when I was sitting in your chairs 32years ago was what a truly huge role that technology would play in our personal lives,in our professional lives,in our society.
Think about it,400years ago today,Captain John Smith landed in America,met Pocahontas,and,well,you know the rest.It took months before he could get a message back to England:“Have landed in Virginia.Send more beer.”Now,you all out there,today’s graduates,you send messages sometimes around the world,instantly,with a few keystrokes.Some of you,admit it,some of you are text messaging even as I speak.“Uh,five B‘s,what is he talking about?”
The advances in technology in my business life are especially exciting.For example,now,for the first time in my almost-30-year automotive career,I can really see a future for automotive transportation that will consume less,not more,petroleum,and emit less,not more,carbon,and yet still allow U.S.and global consumers to buy the cars and trucks they want,at affordable prices.When I say this,I’m thinking about the exciting future that we have in the U.S.with bio-fuels,or E-85ethanol,made from corn and,in a few years,from cellulose,and then electrically driven cars and trucks powered by advanced batteries,or hydrogen fuel cells.All this thanks to amazing advances in technology.
And so my second piece of advice for you,in whatever field you enter,medicine,education,business,government,is to embrace the opportunities that technology will provide you to help solve the challenges we face as a nation,and as a world.Another thought I want to offer is a simple one-which is that each of you by virtue of graduating from one of the elite universities in the U.S.,indeed in the world,has great capabilities.I urge you to use those capabilities fully.In my experience,in life and in business,in dealing with education and working with government leaders,there are actually lots of really smart people out there.What distinguishes those who are truly leaders,those who really contribute in government,in medicine,in education,in business,in the arts,is passion and enthusiasm.You see,being successful in any field,is hard work.Being successful requires not only that you learn everything you can about your chosen field,but that you apply your knowledge with a passion and enthusiasm that affects others,and engages them as well.In today‘s highly collaborative workplaces,few great things are accomplished by individuals alone.Just like in college basketball,you need great teams,and you need people who can inspire those teams,and lead those teams,to greater heights.Enthusiasm is contagious.Your goal should be to start the epidemic.But,I should tell you,that even with knowledge,passion and contagious enthusiasm,you are going to face some tough challenges in some tough days.
A year-and-a-half ago,some of the so-called“experts”were claiming that General Motors was headed for bankruptcy,and I ought to be fired.Those were some tough days for me.Even great institutions like my,and now your alma mater,Duke University,encounter challenging times,like over the last year.But the real successful people,the real contributors,the really great institutions,like Duke University and General Motors,have another important characteristic,which is persistence and resilience.No matter how great the challenge,no matter how dark the future seems,the best people,the really successful people,simply do not give up.
I suspect most,if not all,of you,will encounter challenging moments in your careers and your lives,because,I have to tell you,life is not a series of grand slam home runs,there will be moments of great challenge for you.So my advice is simple-go at life every day with passion and enthusiasm,and when challenges arrive,simply do not give up.Ultimately,your success in your career,and in your life,will be significantly determined by how you handle the challenges,and what you accomplish despite the hurdles you will inevitably encounter.And in the category of brutal truths,let me offer this-there used to be a television advertisement that asked,“Who says you can’t have it all?”And then effectively said that you can have it all.Well,that advertisement was wrong.The real truth is that you can‘t have it all-at least not all at the same time.
In my experience,the really successful people are those who establish clear priorities in their lives,who understand that they can excel at only a handful of things at any one time and then go after that chosen handful of priorities with single-minded passion and enthusiasm.In my case-at this point in my life-my priorities are pretty simple,family and friends,General Motors,and several charitable and educational activities,including Duke University.Unfortunately,that’s about all I can do,if I want to do things well.
Sure,there are other things I‘d like to do,but they’ll have to wait.I figure I can learn to play the piano and improve my golf game,or,if you ask anyone who‘s ever golfed with me,begin my golf game later on.And,as you create your own priority lists as you go through life,I’d encourage you,among other things,to make sure that you keep“giving back”to your community high on your list.
You see,as tomorrow‘s leaders,you have a tremendous opportunity to use your intellect,and passion,and creativity,not only to build great careers and personal lives for yourselves,but also to make a real difference in our society.
I encourage you never to underestimate the impact that you can have on others to literally make the world a better place.We do that by all getting involved,taking what may seem like small steps,small actions.They all add up.
In my experience,being involved in youth math and science education,especially in Detroit schools,has been tremendously rewarding and shows me that we can make a difference.In closing,the last thing I want to mention on this special day is family and friends.Keep them close.I just can’t tell you how important they are.They make your life journey truly rewarding.During the good times,you‘ll have someone to celebrate with,just like today.And during the tough times,you’ll have someone to turn to for advice,for comfort,and for love.And when I speak of family,I‘m referring,of course,to your immediate family,mom,dad,brothers,sisters,grandparents,aunts and uncles.Your name sakes.But I’m also thinking about your Duke family,your friends,professors,coaches,and administrators from the past several years.Many people can claim they went to college,but few can say they graduated from Duke University.Be proud of your accomplishment here,not in an arrogant sense,but with the quiet self-confidence that comes from competing successfully with the very best.Individually and collectively,you are Duke,we are Duke,and as Blue Devils,we share a unique opportunity,a unique responsibility to make our families and friends proud,to make the world a better place.
My sincere thanks for the opportunity to speak with you on this very special day,and most of all,congratulations to each and every one of you.
Good luck,and Godspeed!
译文参考
不要过度规划你的未来
——里克·瓦格纳在杜克大学毕业典礼上的演讲
尊敬的布劳德海德校长、各位教职员工、尊敬的嘉宾们、朋友们、家长们,尤其是2007年将要毕业的诸位同学们:首先,我要向你们致谢!作为杜克大学的学子,我想不出还有什么事比在毕业典礼上演讲让我感到荣耀的了。
事实上,每当我发表公开演讲时,我总是想起几年前的一次对话,对话的对象是一位更著名的杜克大学毕业生——格兰特·希尔。那天我俩正准备为一件事情谈话,我准备了几页的笔记,而他则是空手而来。他说:“嘿,瑞克,你知道一个5B的最好演讲是什么吗?是简洁,兄弟,就是简洁。”所以,今天我也会简洁。特别是这也符合一位我们尊敬的校长想法。迪克,邀请我做此次讲演,为我提供了一些想法,然后对我说我或多或少引用他的话——“你如果超出规定的演讲时间,我可会打断你,我亲自。”所以我请求你们,如果你们校长走进来,有人要大喊“出击”!我躲到旁边去。
在开始演讲之前,让我先向在座的各位母亲和祖母们致敬,今天是母亲节。我很难想象,在这个重要的日子,有比一个从杜克大学毕业的女儿或儿子更棒的母亲节礼物。32年前的今天对我的母亲来说也同样重要,当时的我,就坐在你们现在的位置上。
我的母亲对我有着很深的影响,她同时还是我的一位强有力的支持者,她一直如此。事实上,她一直检查我今天的演讲稿。几周前,她还对我说:“瑞克,你该准备你的演讲了吧!”,这就是今天我要给各位的第一条建议:母亲提出的意见会对你一生产生深远影响。好吧,妈妈,我正按你写的逐字逐句在读!如同我所说,我一辈子都是杜克大学的孩子。1950年我的父亲在此毕业,之后与我母亲结婚了,所以我母亲可以被认为是杜克大学的荣誉校友。我曾在这里参加橄榄球队,在这个体育场打球。这要追溯回1950年末,从那以后,我和杜克大学的关系日益加深。我的妻子,妹妹,妹夫,嫂子,我的大儿子(去年),我的小儿子(希望明年),都毕业于杜克大学。我甚至给我的狗起名叫Duck。事实上,我还想给我第二条狗起名叫“Coach K”,当时我的妻子(也许K教练)认为太过分了。回想起32年前我坐在你们现在坐的位置时的想法,我觉得很有趣,特别是想到我会怀念的一切及这一切对你们来说意味着什么。
从我的切身体验中,我能给出的最重要建议就是:不要过度规划你的生活。虽然规划未来很重要,但万事皆在变动,无法预料的各种机遇将不断出现在你面前。我想,今天的你们是难以想象的。因此,现在你能做的就是把手头上的事做得尽善尽美,当机会出现时,保持一颗开放的心,去迎接它。
让我来讲一下我的故事吧。当年我从杜克大学毕业,思考下一步该怎么走。我原本打算当年秋天去读哈佛商学院,除此而外,我只要求一件事:离家近点儿。要知道,在30年前,没有互联网,没有手机,甚至打国际长途都是一件大事情。如果我离家太远,更别说去海外了,我怎么跟我的家人和朋友联系,怎么在杜克打球呢?不!我决不能离家太远。所以,当我在1977年完成学业时,便加入通用公司在纽约的办事处,这对我来说已经遥远的不能再遥远了。当他们问我愿意在哪里工作时,我说,除了海外工作,在哪里工作都可以。结果,我却被派到了海外。你们知道后来怎么样?事实上,我太喜欢这份工作了。
4年后,我又一次面临重大选择。公司问我是否愿意担任通用在巴西项目的财务人员。这是一份美差。很明显,如果我答应了,我就必须搬到巴西去,我想我肯定不会去……当时,我的妻子有一份很好的工作,我们刚刚买了房,还能在杜克打球。当天晚上,我回家问妻子是否愿意搬到巴西,出乎我的意料,她很兴奋地说“愿意”。现在,记得我的第一条建议是什么吗?就是听妈妈的劝告,当然也要听妻子的忠告。(我的意思是也要听父亲,丈夫的,当然,我不是那么肯定咯!)从那时起,我和妻子凯西在美国以外的国家整整生活和工作了11年。我们之后去过加拿大、欧洲,最后又回到了巴西,我能成长为一名公司的执行官,这是一段不可多得的经历——非常重要——作为人甚至家庭。毫无疑问,这是我能找到的最好的学习体验。
幸运的是,很多人都已经知道这一点了。我相信近50%的杜克大学毕业生都选择了出国深造,这是很棒的事情。因为未来是明朗的,全球化的。
在目前的工作岗位上,我花了很多时间去印度、中国和俄罗斯旅行,我相信,未来许多对我们产生重大影响的新生事物都将出现在上述国家和全球其它新兴市场。所以我的建议是:要灵活机动、柔韧有余、敞开心胸去接纳世界,变得更加“全球化”。你将会吃惊地发现你会有所得,贡献卓著。32年前,我坐在你们现在的座位上,对于科学技术在我们的生活中、专业中、社会中的重要性没能做出正确的估量。
想想看,400年前的今天,约翰·史密斯船长首次登陆美州大陆,与波卡洪塔斯会面,你知道剩下的部分了。这个消息花费了几个月才传回英国:“我已经登陆维吉尼亚了,运更多的啤酒来。”而现在,你们所有人,今天的毕业生,发送任何消息,立刻全球就可以知道,只需要动动鼠标和键盘。你们中的一些人,承认吧,就在我演讲时还在发短信:嗯,5B是什么呀?
科技的进步真是令人欢欣鼓舞。举个例子来说,我本人在汽车业已干了30年,现在,我头一次真正“看到”汽车的未来:它们耗油量将更少;二氧化碳排放量将更少;与此同时,越来越多的美国以及全世界的消费者都能以他们支付得起的价格购买中意的车型;当我在这里讲述这一切的时候,我的心中还憧憬着一个更加美好的未来,美国还会推出从玉米、纤维素中提取的生物燃料或由新式电池或氢燃料电池驱动的小轿车和卡车,这些都要感谢令人惊叹不已的技术进步。
因此,不管你进入了哪个领域——机械、教育、商业、政府部门——要欢迎技术提供给你的机会,去帮助解决民族乃至全球面临的挑战。我想分享的另一个想法很简单——那就是你们毕业于美国的一所精英汇集的大学,拥有世界认可的能力。我建议你们充分利用这一优势。根据我的经验,在生活工作中,在教育中,与政府官员合作中,世界上的确有很多非常聪明的人。而把真正的领导者和在各行各业做出杰出贡献的人与其他人区分开来的,是激情和热忱。你看,在任何领域,想要取得成功就需要努力工作,取得成功不仅需要你拥有知识,还需要你迸发出热情和激情,影响人们,吸引人们。在当前需要高度合作的职场,很少有一个人能独立完成伟大事情。就像大学的球队,你需要伟大的队友们。你需要那些可以激励团队,领导团队的人们。热情是会相互传染的。而你的职责是传播激情。不过,需要提醒你们的是,即便你有了过硬的专业知识、有了激情、也有了可以感染他人的热忱,你仍会面临挑战。
一年半前,一些所谓的“专家”宣称通用公司正走向破产,我应该下台。那段时间,我的日子可真是不好过。哪怕是一些伟大的机构,比如我们的母校杜克大学,正如你们去年经历的那样,也曾经面临过挑战。然而,真正的成功者和真正伟大的机构,比如杜克大学和通用公司,还具备更重要的特质:那就是坚忍不拔,持之以恒。重创之下才能重震雄风。不管挑战有多艰难,不管未来有多黑暗,那些最出类拔萃的人们,真正的成功人士们,他们绝不轻言放弃。
我想大多数,但不是全部,一定会遇到来自事业和家庭的挑战。所以我必须提醒你的是,生活不会是大满贯的本垒打,一定会出现艰难的挑战的时刻。因此我的建议很简单——每天充满激情和热情,当挑战到来时,不放弃。最终你会取得成功。你如何面对挑战,面对生活中遇到的障碍会决定你是否能取得成功。残酷的事实,让我想起一句广告词:“谁说你不能拥有一切?”那个意思是说你可以拥有一切,其实广告是错误的。事实上,你不可能拥有一切——至少不能同时拥有。
依我的经验来看,真正的成功人士都能在他们的生活中确定轻重缓急——他们明白自已只能在一小部分事情上表现出色,然后一股脑地把激情和热忱投入到这些事情上。以我为例吧,在这个人生阶段,我需要优先考虑的事项相当简单,那就是我的家庭、朋友、通用公司和一些慈善、教育活动,包括杜克尔大学。遗憾的是,这就是我所能做的全部,仅此而已——如果我想把事情做好的话。
当然了,还有其他想做的事情,但是我们要学会等待。例如我想学钢琴,提高我的高尔夫技能,谁可以和我打高尔夫。各位应该创建自己的优先事务清单。我希望你,一定要将回馈社会列入表中。
你们是明天的领导者,有充分的机会运用你们的才华、激情和创造力。不仅为自己创造伟大的职业生涯和个人生活,还让你了解一个真正的社会。
千万不要低估你能给旁人带来的影响,努力把世界建设得更美好,这需要我们都参与进来。一步一步向前行进。勿以事小而不为,因为这些小事都会为我们的未来添砖加瓦。
根据我的而经验,年轻时学习数学和科学,特别是在底特律学校,是非常有益的。而且会发挥作用。最后,我想说的最后一件事就是在这个特殊的日子里,和家人朋友共同庆祝。我无法告诉你他们有多重要。他们让你的人生旅途充满意义。在好时光里,他们和你共同庆祝,如同今天。在艰难的时刻,他们也会提供帮助,给你温暖和爱。我说的当然是你的直系亲属了,父母、兄妹、祖父母、姑姑和叔叔。你们一脉传承。也要想到你们共同的杜克家族,你的校友、教授、教练和管理员们,你们共同走过了数年。很多人都说他们上过大学,但是很少人敢说他们上过杜克大学。在这里你们要为你们的成就感到骄傲,但不是傲慢,是一种自信,能够参与良性竞争的自信。你是杜克人,我们是杜克人,杜克蓝魔,我们拥有一次独特的机遇,一项特殊的责任,要让我们的家庭和朋友引以为豪,让我们把世界变得更加美好。
我真诚地感谢和你们有这次交谈的机会。在这个特别的日子里,我要祝贺你们。
祝你们好运!
·A mother‘s advice continues for a lifetime-and you should listen and act upon that advice for a lifetime as well.
母亲提出的意见会对你一生产生深远影响。
·Do your best at whatever you’re doing,but be open to opportunities as they come up.
因此,现在你能做的就是把手头上的事做的尽善尽美,当机会出现时,保持一颗开放的心,去迎接它。
·My advice is to be flexible,be open to everything the world has to offer,and be global.You‘ll be amazed at what you can learn,and how you can contribute.
要灵活机动、柔韧有余、敞开心胸的去接纳世界,变得更加“全球化”。你将会吃惊地发现你会有所得,贡献卓著。
·Being successful in any field,is hard work.Being successful requires not only that you learn everything you can about your chosen field,but that you apply your knowledge with a passion and enthusiasm that affects others,and engages them as well.
在任何领域,想要取得成功就需要努力工作,取得成功不仅需要你的一切知识,还需要你运用知识时所迸发出的热情和激情,影响人们,吸引人们。
·No matter how great the challenge,no matter how dark the future seems,the best people,the really successful people,simply do not give up.
不管挑战有多艰难,不管未来有多黑暗,那些最出类拔萃的人们,真正的成功人士们,他们绝不轻言放弃。
·Go at life every day with passion and enthusiasm,and when challenges arrive,simply do not give up.Ultimately,your success in your career,and in your life,will be significantly determined by how you handle the challenges,and what you accomplish despite the hurdles you will inevitably encounter.
每天生活的充满激情和热情,当挑战到来时,不放弃。最终你会取得成功。你的成功由你如何面对挑战,克服生活中遇到的障碍来决定。
·You see,as tomorrow’s leaders,you have a tremendous opportunity to use your intellect,and passion,and creativity,not only to build great careers and personal lives for yourselves,but also to make a real difference in our society.
你们是明天的领导者,有充分的机会运用你们的才华、激情和创造力。不仅为自己创造伟大的职业生涯和个人生活,还让你了解一个真正的社会。
·I encourage you never to underestimate the impact that you can have on others to literally make the world a better place.We do that by all getting involved,taking what may seem like small steps,small actions.They all add up.
千万不要低估你能给旁人带来的影响,努力把世界建设得更美好,这需要我们都参与进来。一步一步向前行进。勿以事小而不为,因为这些小事都会为我们的未来添砖加瓦。
文化采撷
通用汽车百年历史回顾
通用汽车公司(GM)成立于1908年9月16日,自从威廉·杜兰特创建了美国通用汽车公司以来,先后联合或兼并了别克、凯迪拉克、雪佛兰、奥兹莫比尔、庞帝亚克、克尔维特等公司,拥有铃木(Suzuki)、五十铃(Isuzu)和斯巴鲁(Subaru)的股份。1927年以来通用一直是全世界最大的汽车公司。其标志GM取自其英文名称(General Motors Corporation)前两个单词的第一个字母。
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通用汽车公司与菲亚特、铃木、五十铃、富士重工汽车公司结成合作伙伴关系。2008年11月,受美国金融危机影响,通用汽车也陷入困境,欲宣布破产。
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