January 20,1961
Now the trumpet summons us again,not as a call to bear arms,though arms we need;not as a call to battle,though embattled we are.
号角声已经再次响起——那不是召唤我们拿起武器,虽然我们也需要武器;不是召唤我们去斗争,虽然我们严阵以待。
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
背景故事
肯尼迪于1961年1月20日正式宣誓就任美国第35任总统,他在就职演讲中提到,“不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么”,这句话被奉为经典。他在演讲中提到了对国际事务给予极大关注,并呼吁美国民众承担起更多的义务,作出更大的牺牲。肯尼迪的就职演说被人们称为20世纪最令人难忘的美国总统就职演说。
名人简介
约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪(John Fitzgerald Kennedy,1917年5月29日~1963年11月22日),通常被称作约翰·F·肯尼迪(John F.Kennedy)、JFK或杰克·肯尼迪(Jack Kennedy),美国第35任总统。是美国著名的肯尼迪家族的成员,他的执政时间从1961年1月20日开始到1963年11月22日在达拉斯遇刺身亡为止。肯尼迪在1946年~1960年期间曾先后任众议员和参议员,并于1960年当选为美国总统,成为美国历史上最年轻的总统,也是美国历史上首位信奉罗马天主教的总统和唯一获得普利策奖的总统。
演讲赏析
The Trumpet Summons Us Again
John Fitzgerald Kennedy,35th President of USA
January 20,1961
Vice President Johnson,Mr.Speaker,Mr.Chief Justice,President Eisenhower,Vice President Nixon,President Truman,reverend clergy,fellow citizens.
We observe today not a victory of party,but a celebration of freedom,symbolizing an end,as well as a beginning;signifying renewal,as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.
The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state,but from the hand of God.
We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge—and more.
To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share,we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free,we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom—and to remember that,in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery,we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves,for whatever period is required—not because the Communists may be doing it,not because we seek their votes,but because it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor,it cannot save the few who are rich.To our sister republics south of our border,we offer a special pledge—to convert our good words into good deeds—in a new alliance for progress—to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world assembly of sovereign states,the United Nations,our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace,we renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
Finally,to those nations who would make themselves our adversary,we offer not a pledge but a request:that both sides begin anew the quest for peace,before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course—both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons,both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom,yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind‘s final war.
So let us begin anew—remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides,for the first time,formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms—and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars,conquer the deserts,eradicate disease,tap the ocean depths,and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah—to“undo the heavy burdens……and to let the oppressed go free”.
And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion,let both sides join in creating a new endeavor,not a new balance of power,but a new world of law,where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first 100days.Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000days,nor in the life of this Administration,nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.
In your hands,my fellow citizens,more than in mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded,each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
Now the trumpet summons us again,not as a call to bear arms,though arms we need;not as a call to battle,though embattled we are;but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle,year in and year out,“rejoicing in hope;patient in tribulation”,a struggle against the common enemies of man:tyranny,poverty,disease,and war itself.
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind?Will you join in that historic effort?
In the long history of the world,only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shrink from this responsibility.I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy,the faith,the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so,my fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world,ask not what America will do for you,but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
Finally,whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world,ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience,our only sure reward,with history,the final judge of our deeds,let us go forth to lead the land we love,asking His blessing and His help,but knowing that here on earth,God’s work must truly be our own.
译文参考
呼唤我们的号角又响起来
——约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪的就职演讲
约翰逊副总统,主持人,法官先生,艾森豪威尔总统,尼克松副总统,杜鲁门总统,神职人员们,广大的市民们:
今天我们不是为了政党取得的胜利而庆祝,而是为了自由取得的胜利而庆祝。这象征一个结束,也象征着一个开始。这意味着延续,也意味着改革。因为我已经在你们和全能的上帝面前,宣读了先辈们在170多年前拟定的庄严誓言。
当前的世界已经很不同了,人们手握着足以消灭一切形式的人类贫困和一切形式的人类生命的力量。可是我们祖先维护的革命信念在世界各地仍处于争论之中。那信念就是人权并非来自政府的慷慨施与,而是上帝所赐。
我们今天不敢忘记的是我们是那次革命的继承人,让我在此时此地告诉我们的朋友,也告诉我们的敌人,这支火炬已传交到新一代的美国人手里,他们生于本世纪,经历过战争的锻炼,也受过严酷而艰苦的和平考验,并以我们的传统而自豪,而且不愿目睹或容许人权被逐步剥夺。在人权方面,我国一向秉持坚贞不移的态度,在国内和全世界我们也是对此力加维护。
让每一个国家知道,不论他们希望我们是好是坏,我们愿为此付出任何代价,承受任何重负,付出任何艰辛,去支持任何朋友,和反对任何敌人,以确保自由的存在与实现。这是我们矢志不移的事业——而且还不止于此。
对于那些和我们拥有共同文化和精神传统的老盟邦,我们确保要以诚相待。只要团结,在许多合作事业中几乎没有什么是办不到的。倘若分裂,我们则无可作为,因为我们在意见分歧、各行其是的情况下,是无法应付强大挑战的。对于那些进入自由国家行列的新国家,我们保证,绝不让任何一种形式的殖民统治在消失后,又以另一种暴政代替。我们不期望他们会支持我们的观点,但我们却希望他们能坚决维护他们自身的自由。记住,那些愚蠢得骑在虎背上以壮声势的人,结果却被虎所吞噬。
对于那些住在另半个地球的茅舍和乡村中、力求打破贫困枷锁的人们,我们保证将尽最大努力助其自救,不管需要多长时间。并不是因为共产党会那样做,也不是由于我们谋求他们的选票,而是由于那样做是正确的。自由社会若不能帮助众多的穷人,也就不能保全那些少数的富人。对于我国周边的各姐妹共和国,我们提出一项特殊的保证:要把我们的美好诺言化作善行,在争取进步的新联盟中援助自由人和自由政府来摆脱贫困的枷锁。但是这种和平演变的愿望,不能成为那些不怀好意的国家的俎上之肉。让我们所有的邻邦都知道,我们将与他们联合抵御对美洲任何地区的侵略或颠覆。让其他国家都知道,西半球的事只有西半球自己管理。至于联合国中这个各主权国家的世界性议会,在今天这个战争的发展速度超过和平的时候,它是我们最后的、最美好的希望。我们愿重申我们的所支持诺言;不让它变成仅供谩骂的论坛,加强其对于新国弱国的保护,并扩大其权力所能运用的领域。
最后,对于那些与我们为敌的国家,我们所要提供的不是保证,而是要求:双方重新着手寻求和平,不要让科学制造出的具有危险破坏力的事物,在有意或无意之间将人类灭亡。我们不敢以示弱去诱惑他们。因为只有当我们强大时,我们才能保证永远不会使用武力。可是这两个强有力的国家集团,谁也不能对当前的局势放心——双方都因拥有现代武器而不堪重负,双方都对致命的原子力量的不断发展而产生惊骇,可是双方都在竞相改变那不稳定的恐怖均衡,而此种均衡却可以暂时阻止人类最后的战争。
让我们重新开始,双方都应记住,谦恭并非懦弱的象征,而诚意则永远须要验证。让我们永远不要因畏惧而谈判,我们也永远不要畏惧谈判。双方共同探究能使我们团结在一起的问题是什么,而不要虚耗心力于使我们分裂的问题。让双方首次制订真诚而确切的有关视察和管制武器的建议,并且把那足以毁灭其他国家的漫无限制的力量置于所有国家的绝对管制之下。让双方都谋求科学的神奇力量而不是科学的恐怖因素。让我们联合起来去探索星球,治理沙漠,消除疾病,开发海洋,并鼓励艺术和商务发展。让双方携手在世界各个角落遵循以赛亚的命令,去“卸下沉重的负担……,(并)让被压迫者得自由”。
如果建立合作能够遏制重重猜疑,那么,让双方努力地合作一次吧,这不是追求新的权力均衡,而是建立一个新的法治世界,强者公正,弱者安全,和平在握。凡此种种不会在最初的百天内完成,不会在最初的一千日内完成,不会在本政府任期中完成,也许也不能在我们的有生之年完成。但让我们开始。
公民们,我们方针政策的成败与否与其说是掌握在我手中,不如说掌握在你们手中。自从国家建立以来,每一代美国人都受过召唤证明他们的忠诚,响应召唤而为国献身的青年的坟墓遍及全球。
现在,号角声已经再次响起——那不是召唤我们拿起武器,虽然我们也需要武器;不是召唤我们去斗争,虽然我们严阵以待。那是召唤我们要肩负起为迎接黎明而进行漫长斗争的重任,年复一年,从希望中得到欢乐,在磨难中保持耐性,对付人类共同的敌人——专制、贫穷、疾病和战争。
我们能为反对这些敌人,确保人类过上更为丰裕的生活,组成一个包括各方的全球大联盟吗?你们愿意为实现这一历史性的成果而努力吗?
在漫长的世界长河中,只有少数几代人可以在自由处于最危急的时刻被赋予保卫自由的责任。我亦不会推卸这一责任,我迎接这一责任。我不相信我们中间有人想同其他人或其他时代的人换位。我们为此而努力以及奉献的精力、信念和忠诚,将照亮我们的国家和所有为国效劳的人,这火焰发出的光芒也能照亮全世界。
因此,美国同胞们,不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而是要问你们能为国家做些什么。
全世界的公民们,不要问美国将为你们做些什么,而是要问我们一起能为人类的自由做些什么。
最后,不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家的公民,献出力量和付出牺牲,这是我对你的要求。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏,历史是我们行动的最终裁判,让我们走向前去,去引导我们所热爱的国家。祈求上帝的福佑和帮助,但我们知道,确切地说,上帝在尘世的工作必定是我们自己的工作。
·We observe today not a victory of party,but a celebration of freedom,symbolizing an end,as well as a beginning;signifying renewal,as well as change.
今天我们不是为了政党取得的胜利而庆祝,而是为了自由的胜利而庆祝。这象征一个结束,也象征着一个开始。这意味着延续,也意味着改革。
·The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.
当前的世界已经很不同了,人们手握着足以消灭一切形式的人类贫困和一切形式的人类生命的力量。
·The belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state,but from the hand of God.
那信念就是人权并非来自政府的慷慨施与,而是上帝所赐。
·Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge—and more.
让每一个国家知道,不论他们希望我们是好是坏,我们愿为此付出任何代价,承受任何重负,付出任何艰辛,去支持任何朋友,和反对任何敌人,以确保自由的存在与实现。这是我们矢志不移的事——而且还不止此。
·We pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.
我们要提出保证,绝不让任何一种形式的殖民统治在消失后,又以另一种暴政代替。
·We renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
我们愿重申我们的所支持诺言;不让它变成仅供谩骂的讲坛,加强其对于新国弱国的保护,并扩大其权力所能运用的领域。
·The energy,the faith,the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
我们为此而努力以及奉献的精力、信念和忠诚,将照亮我们的国家和所有为国效劳的人,这火焰发出的光芒也能照亮全世界。
·Ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country.
不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而是要问你们能为国家做些什么。
·Ask not what America will do for you,but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
不要问美国将为你们做些什么,而是要问我们一起能为人类的自由做些什么。
文化采撷
肯尼迪遇刺案
1963年11月22日美国第35任总统约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪在夫人杰奎琳·肯尼迪和德克萨斯州州长约翰·康纳利陪同下,乘坐敞蓬轿车驶过德克萨斯州达拉斯的迪利广场时,遭到枪击身亡。
暗杀事件后,被捕枪手李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德却在从警局押往监狱途中被酒馆老板杰克·鲁比枪杀。随后的“沃伦委员会”和1976年成立的白宫刺杀研究委员会得出一致结论:奥斯瓦尔德是个人行动。有人宣称在肯尼迪遇刺后的三年内,18名关键证人相继死亡,从1963年至1993年,115名相关证人在各种离奇事件中自杀或被谋杀,让整个案件蒙上阴谋论的阴影。
美国前总统肯尼迪遇刺身亡已经过去整整50年,但关于他被刺的一些具体内幕仍然扑朔迷离:谁是凶手,谁是幕后策划者?美国官方宣布,奥斯瓦尔德是刺杀肯尼迪的唯一凶手,是他致命的两枪击中了肯尼迪的要害部位,导致了肯尼迪的身亡。至此,肯尼迪遇刺一事便被美国官方束之高阁。
但美国公众相信,奥斯瓦尔德的被抓和被枪杀只不过是官方的一个掩人耳目的骗局而已,根本不能令人信服。但由于当时的一些目击证人都先后神秘地死去,关于肯尼迪遇剌内幕便成了人们心中永远的谜。
一项网络调查显示,在过去40年里,关于肯尼迪遇刺的内幕至少有36种不同的版本……但至今没有一种版本真正令人信服。
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