the Brandenburg Gate,June 12th,1987
General Secretary Gorbachev,if you seek peace,if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,if you seek liberalization:Come here to this gate.Mr.Gorbachev,open this gate.Mr.Gorbachev-Mr.Gorbachev,tear down this wall!
总书记戈尔巴乔夫先生,如果你需要和平,如果你为苏联和东欧人民寻求繁荣,如果你需要人类的解放,请你到这里来,到这扇大门来。戈尔巴乔夫先生,打开这扇大门。戈尔巴乔夫先生……戈尔巴乔夫先生,请推倒这面墙!
Ronald Reagan
演讲赏析
Tear Down This Wall
Ronald Reagan,the 40th President of the USA
the Brandenburg Gate,June 12th,1987
Thank you.Thank you,very much.Chancellor Kohl,Governing Mayor Diepgen,ladies and gentlemen:Twenty four years ago,President John F.Kennedy visited Berlin,and speaking to the people of this city and the world at the city hall.Well,since then two other presidents have come,each in his turn to Berlin.And today,I,myself,make my second visit to your city.We come to Berlin,we American Presidents,because it‘s our duty to speak in this place of freedom.
But I must confess,we’re drawn here by other things as well;by the feeling of history in this city-more than 500years older than our own nation;by the beauty of the Grunewald and the Tiergarten;most of all,by your courage and determination.Perhaps the composer,Paul Linke,understood something about American Presidents.You see,like so many Presidents before me,I come here today because wherever I go,whatever I do:“Ich habe noch einen Koffer in Berlin”,I still have a suitcase in Berlin.
Our gathering today is being broadcast throughout Western Europe and North America.I understand that it is being seen and heard as well in the East.To those listening throughout Eastern Europe,I extend my warmest greetings and the good will of the American people.To those listening in East Berlin,a special word:Although I cannot be with you,I address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me.For I join you,as I join your fellow countrymen in the West,in this firm,this unalterable belief:Es gibt nur ein Berlin.
Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city,part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe.From the Baltic South,those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire,concrete,dog runs and guard towers.Farther south,there may be no visible,no obvious wall.But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same-still a restriction on the right to travel,still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state.
Yet,it is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly;here,cutting across your city,where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world.Standing before the Brandenburg Gate,every man is a German separated from his fellow men.Every man is a Berliner,forced to look upon a scar.President Von Weizs?cker has said,“The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.”Well,today-today I say:As long as this gate is closed,as long as this scar of a wall is permitted to stand,it is not the German question alone that remains open,but the question of freedom for all mankind.
Yet,I do not come here to lament.For I find in Berlin a message of hope,even in the shadow of this wall,a message of triumph.
In this season of spring in 1945,the people of Berlin emerged from their air-raid shelters to find devastation.Thousands of miles away,the people of the United States reached out to help.And in 1947Secretary of State-as you‘ve been told-George Marshall announced the creation of what would become known as the Marshall Plan.Speaking precisely 40years ago this month,he said:“Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine,but against hunger,poverty,desperation and chaos.”
In the Reichstag a few moments ago,I saw a display commemorating this 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan.I was struck by a sign-the sign on a burnt-out,gutted structure that was being rebuilt.I understand that Berliners of my own generation can remember seeing signs like it dotted throughout the western sectors of the city.The sign read simply:“The Marshall Plan is helping here to strengthen the free world.”A strong,free world in the West-that dream became real.Japan rose from ruin to become an economic giant.Italy,France,Belgium-virtually every nation in Western Europe saw political and economic rebirth;the European Community was founded.
In West Germany and here in Berlin,there took place an economic miracle,the Wirtschaftswunder.Adenauer,Erhard,Reuter and other leaders understood the practical importance of liberty-that just as truth can flourish only when the journalist is given freedom of speech,so prosperity can come about only when the farmer and businessman enjoy economic freedom.The German leaders-the German leaders reduced tariffs,expanded free trade,lowered taxes.From 1950to 1960alone,the standard of living in West Germany and Berlin doubled.Where four decades ago there was rubble,today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany:busy office blocks,fine homes and apartments,proud avenues,and the spreading lawns of parkland.Where a city’s culture seemed to have been destroyed,today there are two great universities,orchestras and an opera,countless theaters and museums.
Where there was want,today there‘s abundance-food,clothing,automobiles-the wonderful goods of the Kudamm.1From devastation,from utter ruin,you Berliners have,in freedom,rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth.Now the Soviets may have had other plans.But my friends,there were a few things the Soviets didn’t count on:Berliner Herz,Berliner Humor,ja,und Berliner Schnauze.In the 1950s-In the 1950s Khrushchev predicted:“We will bury you.”But in the West today,we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history.In the Communist world,we see failure,technological backwardness,declining standards of health,even want of the most basic kind-too little food.
Even today,the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself.After these four decades,then,there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion:Freedom leads to prosperity.Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace.Freedom is the victor.And now-now the Soviets themselves may,in a limited way,be coming to understand the importance of freedom.We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness.Some political prisoners have been released.
Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed.Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state?Or are they token gestures intended to raise false hopes in the West,or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it?We welcome change and openness;for we believe that freedom and security go together,that the advance of human liberty-the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable,that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.
General Secretary Gorbachev,if you seek peace,if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,if you seek liberalization:Come here to this gate.Mr.Gorbachev,open this gate.Mr.Gorbachev-Mr.Gorbachev,tear down this wall!I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent,and I pledge to you my country‘s efforts to help overcome these burdens.To be sure,we in the West must resist Soviet expansion.So,we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength.Yet we seek peace;so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides.
Beginning 10years ago,the Soviets challenged the Western alliance with a grave new threat,hundreds of new and more deadly SS-20nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in Europe.The Western alliance responded by committing itself to a counter-deployment(unless the Soviets agreed to negotiate a better solution)-namely,the elimination of such weapons on both sides.For many months,the Soviets refused to bargain in earnestness.As the alliance,in turn,prepared to go forward with its counter-deployment,there were difficult days,days of protests like those during my 1982visit to this city;and the Soviets later walked away from the table.But through it all,the alliance held firm.And I invite those who protested then-I invite those who protest today-to mark this fact:Because we remained strong,the Soviets came back to the table.Because we remained strong,today we have within reach the possibility,not merely of limiting the growth of arms,but of eliminating,for the first time,an entire class of nuclear weapons from the face of the earth.
As I speak,NATO ministers are meeting in Iceland to review the progress of our proposals for eliminating these weapons.At the talks in Geneva,we have also proposed deep cuts in strategic offensive weapons.And the Western allies have likewise made far-reaching proposals to reduce the danger of conventional war and to place a total ban on chemical weapons.While we pursue these arms reductions,I pledge to you that we will maintain the capacity to deter Soviet aggression at any level at which it might occur.And in cooperation with many of our allies,the United States is pursuing the Strategic Defense Initiative-research to base deterrence not on the threat of offensive retaliation,but on defenses that truly defend;on systems,in short,that will not target populations,but shield them.By these means we seek to increase the safety of Europe and all the world.But we must remember a crucial fact:East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed;we are armed because we mistrust each other.And our differences are not about weapons but about liberty.
When President Kennedy spoke at the City Hall those 24years ago,freedom was encircled;Berlin was under siege.And today,despite all the pressures upon this city,Berlin stands secure in its liberty.And freedom itself is transforming the globe.In the Philippines,in South and Central America,democracy has been given a rebirth.Throughout the Pacific,free markets are working miracle after miracle of economic growth.In the industrialized nations,a technological revolution is taking place,a revolution marked by rapid,dramatic advances in computers and telecommunications.In Europe,only one nation and those it controls refuse to join the community of freedom.Yet in this age of redoubled economic growth,of information and innovation,the Soviet Union faces a choice:It must make fundamental changes,or it will become obsolete.
Today,thus,represents a moment of hope.We in the West stand ready to cooperate with the East to promote true openness,to break down barriers that separate people,to create a safer,freer world.And surely there is no better place than Berlin,the meeting place of East and West,to make a start.Free people of Berlin:Today,as in the past,the United States stands for the strict observance and full implementation of all parts of the Four Power Agreement of 1971.Let us use this occasion,the 750th anniversary of this city,to usher in a new era,to seek a still fuller,richer life for the Berlin of the future.Together,let us maintain and develop the ties between the Federal Republic and the Western sectors of Berlin,which is permitted by the 1971agreement.
And I invite Mr.Gorbachev:Let us work to bring the Eastern and Western parts of the city closer together so that all the inhabitants of all Berlin can enjoy the benefits that come with life in one of the great cities of the world.To open Berlin still further to all Europe,East and West,let us expand the vital air access to this city,finding ways of making commercial air service to Berlin more convenient,more comfortable and more economical.We look to the day when West Berlin can become one of the chief aviation hubs in all central Europe.
With-With our French-With our French and British partners,the United States is prepared to help bring international meetings to Berlin.It would be only fitting for Berlin to serve as the site of United Nations meetings,or world conferences on human rights and arms control,or other issues that call for international cooperation.There is no better way to establish hope for the future than to enlighten young minds,and we would be honored to sponsor summer youth exchanges,cultural events,and other programs for young Berliners from the East.Our French and British friends,I’m certain,will do the same.And it‘s my hope that an authority can be found in East Berlin to sponsor visits from young people of the Western sectors.
One final proposal,one close to my heart:Sport represents a source of enjoyment and ennoblement,and you may have noted that the Republic of Korea-South Korea-has offered to permit certain events of the 1988Olympics to take place in the North.International sports competitions of all kinds could take place in both parts of this city.And what better way to demonstrate to the world the openness of this city than to offer in some future year to hold the Olympic games here in Berlin,East and West.
In these four decades,as I have said,you Berliners have built a great city.You’ve done so in spite of threats-the Soviet attempts to impose the East-mark,the blockade.Today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall.What keeps you here?Certainly,there‘s a great deal to be said for your fortitude,for your defiant courage.
But I believe there’s something deeper,something that involves Berlin‘s whole look and feel and way of life-not mere sentiment.No one could live long in Berlin without being completely disabused of illusions.Something,instead,that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them,that continues to build this good and proud city in contrast to a surrounding totalitarian presence,that refuses to release human energies or aspirations,something that speaks with a powerful voice of affirmation,that says“yes”to this city,yes to the future,yes to freedom.In a word,I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin-is“love”.Love both profound and abiding.Perhaps this gets to the root of the matter,to the most fundamental distinction of all between East and West.The totalitarian world produces backwardness because it does such violence to the spirit,thwarting the human impulse to create,to enjoy,to worship.The totalitarian world finds even symbols of love and of worship an affront.
Years ago,before the East Germans began rebuilding their churches,they erected a secular structure:the television tower at Alexander Platz.Virtually ever since,the authorities have been working to correct what they view as the tower’s one major flaw:treating the glass sphere at the top with paints and chemicals of every kind.Yet even today when the sun strikes that sphere,that sphere that towers over all Berlin,the light makes the sign of the cross.There in Berlin,like the city itself,symbols of love,symbols of worship,cannot be suppressed.
As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag,that embodiment of German unity,I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall,perhaps by a young Berliner(quote):“This wall will fall.Beliefs become reality.”Yes,across Europe,this wall will fall,for it cannot withstand faith;it cannot withstand truth.The wall cannot withstand freedom.
And I would like,before I close,to say one word.I have read,and I have been questioned since I‘ve been here about certain demonstrations against my coming.And I would like to say just one thing,and to those who demonstrate so.I wonder if they have ever asked themselves that if they should have the kind of government they apparently seek,no one would ever be able to do what they’re doing again.
Thank you and God bless you all.Thank you.
译文参考
拆掉这堵墙
——罗纳德·里根在柏林的演讲
感谢各位,非常感谢各位。科尔首相,狄培根市长先生,女士们先生们:二十年前,肯尼迪总统到访柏林时,曾在市政厅对这个城市的人们以及全世界的人们讲话。从那时起,还有其他两位美国总统到过这里。今天,我,是第二次到访你们这座城市。我们几位美国总统,到柏林来是因为我们有这个责任在这个地方表达对自由的向往。
但是我必须承认,我们被吸引而来的另一个原因是:这座城市的历史——一个比我们的国家还要多500年的历史。还有Grunewald和Tiergarten的美丽。也是因为你们的勇敢和果断。或许作曲家鲍尔·林克更为了解这些美国总统。你们看,我今天来到这里的原因也正如在我之前来过这里的几位总统一样。无论我到哪里,无论我做什么,我总是要到柏林来一趟,至今我在柏林还有行李呢。
对于全欧洲各地的听众们,我想要表达我最热切的问候以及来自美国人民的良好愿望。对那些东柏林的听众也要送上特别的敬意:尽管我无法与你们谋面,但与站在我面前的西德听众们一样,我仍然要送上由衷的祝福。在我可以与你们汇聚一堂之前,我只能先站在这里,与你们西柏林的同胞们一起,坚守同一种执着和不可改变的信念:柏林,只有一个。
在我的身后,竖立着一堵墙,一堵把这个城市自由区域包围起来的墙,这如同一个巨大的堡垒,把整个欧洲大陆一分为二。从波罗的海以南开始,这围墙纵贯了整个德国,上面布满了带刺的铁丝网,混凝土围障,隔离带以及哨卡和岗楼,活像一个巨大的被切开的伤口。再往南,或许还存在着一些看不见的或许不明显的围墙。然而,那手握钢枪的士兵和巡查哨却无时无刻不在那里执行任务——而且还在限制人们旅行的权利,集权国家仍然在那里对普通的人们施加强权控制。
此地,在柏林,那些突兀的围墙显得更加显眼;这里的围墙切割了你们的城市,新闻图像和电视屏幕已经把这个残酷的景象显示给全世界。站在布兰登堡大门前的每个德国人与自己的同胞天各一方。每个德国人都不得不面对这一历史的伤疤。冯·维塞克总统曾说过,“只要布兰登堡大门依然紧闭,德国的问题就无法解决。”然而今天——今天我要说:只要这座大门还关闭着,只要大家还允许这处伤疤的存在,悬而未决的就不仅仅是德国的问题,而是全人类自由的问题。
是的,我来到这里,并不是来表达悲天悯人的情绪的,因为我在柏林感受到的是充满希望的气息,即便是在这堵墙的巨大阴影下,也遮蔽不住胜利的曙光。
1945年的春日,柏林人民走出了防空洞后,看到的是战后的满目疮痍。数千英里之外,美国人民对他们伸出援助之手。1947年,我们的国务卿——就是你们知道的——乔治·马歇尔宣布了举世闻名的马歇尔计划。在40年前的这个月,他说,“我们的政策不是针对任何国家或任何信条的,而是针对人类的饥饿、贫困、绝望和混乱的。”
不久前,在德国议会大厦里,我就见到了马歇尔计划的纪念展示。我被这处战争残留的建筑震撼了——一处烧毁后重建的建筑残留。我知道,与我同龄的这一代人,每次看到这个残存建筑都能追忆起这座城市里那些战前的古典建筑群。那里有简单的叙说,“马歇尔计划曾在这里帮助我们强化自由世界的力量”。在西方,一个强大的、自由的世界已然梦想成真。日本也从废墟中站立起来,并成为经济上的巨人。意大利、法国、比利时——几乎所有西欧国家都获得了政治和经济上的重生;欧洲共同体也几经波折建立起来。
在西德,在这里,在柏林,也出现了经济上的奇迹。阿登纳、艾哈德、路透以及其他领导人都懂得实行自由政治的重要性——那是事实,也是真理——新闻记者能够自由的表达,繁荣就会到来;只要农人和商人们都能享有经济自由,繁荣就会到来。德国领导人——他们降低了关税,开展了自由贸易,降低了国人的赋税。仅在1950到1960年间,西德和柏林这里人民的生活水平就翻了一番。四十年前还是一片废墟的西柏林已经成为德国最伟大的工业城市;繁忙的办公楼,精美的社区和公寓,气派非凡的大街,幽深的林荫大道和广袤的绿地公园。这里的城市文化曾经被摧毁殆尽,然而现在已然有了两所著名的大学,有了交响音乐厅和大剧院,有了无数电影院和博物馆。
这里有需求,有充足的食品、衣物、车辆——有无尽的美妙商品。从毁灭中,从废墟中,你们,德国人,在自由之下,重建了这座城市,让它再一次成为地球上最伟大的城市之一。现在,苏联或许另有打算。但是我的朋友们,这里有些事情,是不能指望苏联人的:柏林人的心愿,是的,柏林人的幽默,还有,柏林人的意志。但是在今天的西方,我们看到一个自由的世界,他们已经到达人类历史上不曾有过的繁荣昌盛。在共产主义世界那边,我们看到的是失败、落后的技术、人民健康水平的下降、甚至无法满足基本的生存需求……匮乏的食品供应。甚至到了今天,苏联依然无法自己养活自己。
四十年之后,在这里,面对全世界,有一个伟大的、无法回避的结论:那就是自由引领繁荣、自由,让国与国之间世代的仇怨被和平与友好取代。自由才是最终的胜利者。现在……现在,苏联人自己,或许正在以一种受限的方式,渐渐理解自由的重要性。我们听到更多来自莫斯科的声音,关于改革与开放的新政策,一些政治犯已经被释放。
一些境外的广播也不再遭到阻隔和干扰。一些经济企业已经脱离国家控制而获得了极大的经营自由。这是否是苏联将要开始一系列的变革呢?还只是他们做给西方看的某种虚假姿态,只是为了不改变其根本而强化原有的苏联体制?我们欢迎改革和开放;因为我们相信,自由和安全是并存的,人类自由的进步——人类自由的进步,只会给世界带来和平。在苏联方面,我们已然看到了不会误解的迹象,那就是会带来自由与和平的戏剧性进步的迹象。
总书记戈尔巴乔夫先生,如果你需求和平,如果你为苏联和东欧的人民寻求繁荣,如果你寻求人类的解放,请你到这里来,到这座大门来。戈尔巴乔夫先生,敞开这座大门。戈尔巴乔夫先生……戈尔巴乔夫先生,推倒这面墙!我知道,人们对这个大陆上的战争和分裂感到恐惧,我想向你们保证:我的国家将努力帮助你们克服这些障碍。可以确定的是,在西方,我们必须抵抗苏联的扩张。因此,我们必须拥有不可突破的国防力量。无可置疑的是,我们致力寻求和平;因此我们必须尽力削减双方的军事力量。
十年以前,苏联就以新的武力威胁向西方联盟发起挑战,他们研制出数百个新的、更为致命的SS-20核导弹,能把欧洲的各国首都轰炸一遍。然而西方联盟的回应是,让我们自己也拥有相应的军事实力。所谓的削减双方的武器装备,曾有好几个月,苏联拒绝与我们进行公开的协商。作为西方联盟,相应地,只能进一步装备自己的抵抗实力。我们也曾有过艰难的岁月,正如我1982年访问这个城市时的情形,抗议者在街上游行;苏联人从谈判桌旁走开。但是此后,西方一直保持着强硬的抵抗。我要邀请两位昔日的抗议者……我要邀请今天的抗议者……让他们对这一事实做出评判:由于我们变得强大,让苏联人重回到谈判桌上来了。由于我们的强大,今天我们终于可以接近这一可能性了,不仅仅是限制了武器的增长,还第一次限制了地球上所有核武器的数量和等级。
在我发言的时候,北约部长们正在冰岛进行会晤,讨论我们提议的削减武器计划。所有在日内瓦的会谈,我们同样也提出深入削减战略武器的议题。尽管我们尽力削减军备,但是我向你们保证:我们仍是要有抵抗苏联扩张能力的军事实力,在一旦必要的情况下。在我们同盟国之间,美国要争取战略防御机制……达到这样的程度:为必要的防御提供防御保障;它正是这样一个体系,简言之,这个体系不会以民众为打击目标,只是为他们提供安全屏障。这些措施意味着,要增强全欧洲以及全世界的安全。我们必须牢记一个重要的事实:那就是东方与西方,大家不是因为由于拥有武力而互不信任;相反,我们是由于互不信任,才全副武装。我们的分歧实际上并不在于武器,而是在于自由。
24年前,当肯尼迪总统在市政厅演讲的时候,自由是有局限性的,当时柏林正深陷囫囵。今天,尽管这座城市还承受着种种的压力,但柏林这一方却已在捍卫着自己的自由。自由,它本身,也正在地球其他国家间行走。在菲律宾、在中南美,民主已经获得新生。跨过太平洋,自由市场在那里创造着一个又一个的经济奇迹。工业化国家,也迎来一场场的技术革命,以及计算机技术和电讯技术迅猛的进步。在欧洲,仅有一个国家,受它控制的国家,拒绝加入自由的国际社会。然而,在这个经济高速发展,信息和发明激增的时代,苏联面临着抉择:它或者做出根本的变革,或者成为孤家寡人。
今天,正是希望到来的时刻。在西方,我们时刻准备着与东方共同促成真正的开放,打破人民之间的壁垒,创造安全和自由的世界。的确,再也没有比柏林更好的地方,东西方相互交融。开始这个行动吧。自由的柏林人民:今天,如同过去一样,美国正密切关注各方是否遵守1971年四方协约的执行。让我们利用这个机会,庆祝这座城市750周年纪念日的时刻,共同呼唤一个新的时代,呼唤新的进展,为柏林未来更美好的生活。让我们一起维护1971年协定的联邦德国与西柏林之间的联系。
这里,我邀请戈尔巴乔夫先生:让我们一起合作,努力把柏林的东西两部分合二为一,让所有的居民能在世界上这座伟大的城市中共享美好的生活。开放东西德,乃至开放欧洲,东方与西方,让我们把这座城市的活力带到更远的地方,找到更好的途径,让德国享有更便利、更舒适、更发达的经济生活。我们期待着这样一天,西柏林能变成整个欧洲的枢纽航空港。
美国将与我们法国和英国的盟友一起,做好准备,共同创造一次柏林的国际会晤。让柏林成为联合国会议的开会场所,各国可以在此地聚集一堂,共同探讨人权、武器控制或其他需要世界性合作的议题。再没有比柏林更好的地方,去建立对未来的希望,去启迪年轻人的心智了,我们将有幸地在这里召集夏季的青年交流、文化活动,让其他来自东柏林的年轻人也能一起分享这些交流的快乐。我的法国和英国的朋友们,我肯定,他们也会做同样的努力。我希望,东德也正式邀请西德的年轻人过去进行交流。
最后的提议,也符合我本人的意愿:体育体现着快乐和高尚的精神,你们或许注意到,韩国,在1988年主办奥林比克运动会的时候,就曾欣然让朝鲜承办一些赛事。各种国际体育竞技也可以在这座城市的各个地点举行。如果在未来几年内,东西柏林共同举办奥运会,将会展示给世界一种怎样的盛典。
我曾说过,你们柏林人仅用了40年的时间就创建了一个伟大的城市。你们,尽管承受着威胁……苏联试图扩张东方的影响,还有阻隔和封锁。但是今天,我们看到的是一个生机勃勃的城市,尽管承受着这堵墙带来的种种挑战。是什么让你们在这里坚持?当然,是你们无比的坚韧,是你们无比的勇气。
但是我相信,还有更为深刻的东西存在,那是柏林万千气象和生活方式所展示的东西——那不仅仅是情绪化的东西。没有面对困惑的清晰醒悟,没有人能长久生活在柏林。相反,某种东西,可以面对柏林艰辛的生活而欣然接受,继续为柏林更美好而努力,让围墙隔离的他处——极权主义制度下,阻碍人们释放个人能力和精神的地方——与之不同,还有某种精神,发出强而有力的声音,对于未来、自由,答案是肯定的。一句话我认为已经能守护住柏林,那便是爱。爱,既博大深远,又持久执着。或许,这才是一切的基础,是东德和西德本质上最大的区别。极权主义国家制造出的是落后,因为它在对人们的精神施暴,它遏制的是人类的创造性、欢乐和信仰。即便只是爱与信仰的象征性事物,也让极权主义者看到的是对自己的冒犯。
数年以前,在东德开始重建自己教堂的时候,他们建立起一个世俗的建筑:亚历山大广场上的电视塔。实际上从那时起,官方就开始纠正他们认为的那座电视塔的一个缺陷,他们把塔顶上的玻璃半球体涂上油漆和粘上各种东西,直到今天,只要阳光照射到那半边玻璃球——那个可以俯瞰整个柏林的玻璃半球,反射出的强光都会形成一个耀眼的十字!
这里,柏林,正如这个城市本身是爱的象征,信仰的象征,是不可征服的。正如我不久前从国会大厦——德国统一的化身——眺望时看到的情形:我注意到人们在柏林墙上喷涂的文字,很可能是年轻的德国人书写上去的:“这座墙终将倒塌。信念终将成为现实。”是的,纵贯欧洲的这座墙必将倒塌,因为它支撑不了信念;它支撑不了真理,它支撑不了自由。
另外,在结束之前,我还要再说一点。我到访之后遇到了一些游行示威者,他们抗议我的来访,对我提出质疑。对于那些抗议者,我只想说:我想知道的是你们是否可以扪心自问,假如拥有那种他们此刻执意追求的政府,是否还有人能做他们此刻正在做的事情。
感谢大家。上帝保佑你们所有的人。谢谢!
·Although I cannot be with you,I address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me.For I join you,as I join your fellow countrymen in the West,in this firm,this unalterable belief:Es gibt nur ein Berlin.[There is only one Berlin.
在我可以与你们汇聚一堂之前,我只能先站在这里,与你们西柏林的同胞们在一起,坚守着一种执着和一种不可改变的信念:柏林,只有一个。
·Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city,part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe.
在我的身后,竖立着一堵墙,一堵把这个城市的自由区域包围起来的墙,这如同一个巨大的堡垒,把整个欧洲大陆一分为二。
·As long as this gate is closed,as long as this scar of a wall is permitted to stand,it is not the German question alone that remains open,but the question of freedom for all mankind.
只要这座大门还关闭着,只要大家还允许这处伤疤的存在,悬而未决的就不仅仅是德国问题,而是关诸全人类自由的问题。
·I do not come here to lament.For I find in Berlin a message of hope,even in the shadow of this wall,a message of triumph.
我来到这里,并不是来表达悲天悯人的情绪的,因为我在柏林感受到的是充满希望的讯息,即便是在这堵墙的巨大阴影下,也遮蔽不住胜利的曙光。
·That just as truth can flourish only when the journalist is given freedom of speech,so prosperity can come about only when the farmer and businessman enjoy economic freedom.
真理——新闻记者能够自由地表达,繁荣就会到来;只要农人和商人们都能享有经济自由,繁荣就会到来。
·From devastation,from utter ruin,you Berliners have,in freedom,rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth.
从毁灭中,从废墟中,你们,德国人,在自由之下,重建了这座城市,让她再一次成为地球上最伟大的城市之一。
·Freedom leads to prosperity.Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace.Freedom is the victor.
那就是自由引领繁荣,自由,才能让国与国之间世代的仇怨被和平与友好取代。自由才是最终的胜利者。
·We welcome change and openness;for we believe that freedom and security go together,that the advance of human liberty-the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.
我们欢迎改革和开放;因为我们相信,自由和安全是并存的,人类自由的进步——人类自由的进步,只会给世界带来和平。
·Freedom itself is transforming the globe.
自由,它本身,也正在地球上行走。
·And I invite Mr.Gorbachev:Let us work to bring the Eastern and Western parts of the city closer together,so that all the inhabitants of all Berlin can enjoy the benefits that come with life in one of the great cities of the world.To open Berlin still further to all Europe,East and West,let us expand the vital air access to this city,finding ways of making commercial air service to Berlin more convenient,more comfortable,and more economical.
这里,我邀请戈尔巴乔夫先生:让我们一起合作,努力把柏林的东西两部分合二为一,让所有的居民能在世界上这座伟大的城市中共享美好的生活。开放东西德,乃至开放欧洲,东方与西方,让我们把这座城市的活力带到更远的地方,找到更好的途径,让德国享有更便利、更舒适、更发达的经济生活。
·Something,instead,that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them,that continues to build this good and proud city in contrast to a surrounding totalitarian presence,that refuses to release human energies or aspirations,something that speaks with a powerful voice of affirmation,that says“yes”to this city,yes to the future,yes to freedom.
某种东西,可以面对柏林艰辛的生活而欣然接受,继续为使柏林更美好而贡献出努力,让围墙隔离他处——极权主义制度下,阻碍人们释放个人能力和精神的地方——与之不同,还有某种精神,发出强而有力的声音,对于未来,自由,答案是肯定的。
·In a word,I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin-is“love.”Love both profound and abiding.Perhaps this gets to the root of the matter,to the most fundamental distinction of all between East and West.
一句话我认为已经能守护住柏林了,那便是爱。爱,既博大深远,又是持久执著的。或许,这才是一切的基础,是东德和西德本质上最大的区别。
·This wall will fall,for it cannot withstand faith;it cannot withstand truth.The wall cannot withstand freedom.
纵贯欧洲的这座墙必将倒塌,因为它支撑不了信念;它支撑不了真理,它支撑不了自由。
文化采撷
飞跃柏林墙
“柏林墙”是指环绕西柏林的一道围墙。东德(民主德国)政府根据人民议院1961年8月12日通过的法令,于8月12~13日夜间修筑。目的是制止东德居民包括熟练技工大量流入西德。原为铁蒺藜围成的路障,后改筑成两米高、顶上拉着带刺铁丝网的混凝土墙。在正式的交叉路口和沿线的观察塔楼上设置警卫。1970年,虽然东西德之间关系有所改善,东德政府还是把柏林墙加高到3米以阻止居民逃向西方。到1980年,围墙、电网和堡垒总长达1369千米。除筑墙外还严格限制西柏林与东德之间的人口流动。后根据东、西德政府1971年12月20日签署的协议,限制略有放宽。1989年下半年,东欧各国政局剧变。民主德国在向德国西部移民浪潮的冲击下,于同年11月9日,将存在28年零3个月的柏林墙推倒,促进了德国的统一。
柏林墙与朝鲜半岛上的“三八”水泥墙一样,均为第二次世界大战后的产物,又都为水泥所筑,可称得上是欧亚大陆上的两条“姊妹墙”。
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