以他人为镜,能更清楚地折射出你对自我价值的感受。反过来,对于你不认同的人,你也能以之为镜,显露出对自身不满意的方面。
Take Others as Your Mirror以他人为镜
The first time you meet someone, in the first moment you form an impression in your mind of that person. Your reactions to other people, however, are really just barometers for how you perceive yourself. Your reactions to others say more about you than they do about others. You cannot really love or hate about yourself. We are usually drawn to those who are most like us and tend to dislike those who display those aspects of ourselves that we dislike.
Therefore, you can allow others to be the mirror to illuminate more clearly your own feelings of self-worth. Conversely, you can view the people you judge negatively as mirrors to show you what you are not accepting about yourself.
To coexist peacefully with others, you will need to learn tolerance. A big challenge is to shift your perspective radically from judgment of other to a lifelong exploration of yourself. Your task is to assess all the decisions, judgments you make onto others and to begin to view them as clues to how you can heal yourself and become whole.
I recently have a business lunch with a man who displayed objectionable table manners. My first reaction was to judge him as offensive and his table manners as disgusting. When I noticed that I was judging him, I stopped and asked myself what I was feeling. I discovered that I was embarrassed to be seen with someone who was chewing with his mouth open and loudly blowing his nose. I was astonished to find how much I cared about how the other people in the restaurant perceived me.
Remember that your judgment of someone will not serve as a protective shield against you becoming like him. Just because I judge my lunch partner as offensive does not prevent me from ever looking or acting like him. In the same way, extending tolerance to him would not cause me to suddenly begin chewing my food with my mouth open.
When you approach life in this manner, those with whom you have the greatest grievances as well as those you admire and love can be seen as mirrors, guiding your to discover parts of yourself that you reject and to embrace your greatest quality.
第一次见到某人时,在第一瞬间,你的脑海里会形成一个印象。你对他人的反应,其实就像你如何看待自己的晴雨表,更多的是反映处你自己,而不是其他人。你不可能真正喜欢或讨厌他人的某个方面,除非它反射处你对自身某方面的喜好。通常,我们靠近与自己类似的人,而那些展示处我们自身某个不喜欢的方面的人,往往令我们讨厌。
所以,你以他人为镜,能更清楚地折射出你对自我价值的感受。反过来,对于你不认同的人,你也能以之为镜,显露出对自身不满意的方面。
要与他人和睦相处,你必须学会容忍。你要从根本上转变视角,不去评判别人,而是不断地反省自身,而这是一个巨大的挑战。你的任务是,以你对别人做出的所有的决定,评判为线索,来改进和完善自我。
最近,我与一位客户一起吃午饭,他吃饭的样子实在令我很反感。我的第一反应就是:他粗鲁无礼,吃饭的样子令人恶心。当我意识到自己正评判他时,便停下来,扪心自问是什么感觉。被人看到与这么个张着嘴咀嚼,大声擤鼻涕的人在一起,我发现自己感到很难堪。我还发现自己很在乎餐馆里其他人对我的看法,这让我感到很惊讶。
记住,你对他人的评判并不意味着你就不会像他那样。比如,仅仅因为我评判那位客户粗鲁无礼,并不能保证我永远都不会有像他那样的行为。同样,如果我容忍他的行为,并不会因此突然张嘴咀嚼。
假如你用这种方式走进生活,你就能同时以你最不满的人,和你罪尊敬、最爱的人为镜,指引你发现自身的缺陷,同时欣赏自己的最佳品质。
The Smile微笑
Smile at each other, smile at your wife, smile at your husband, smile at your children, smile at each other―it doesn’t matter who it is―and that will help you to grow up in greater love for each other.
Many Americans are familiar with The Little Prince, a wonderful book by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. This is a whimsical and fabulous book and works as a children’s story as well as a thought-provoking adult fable. Far fewer are aware of Saint-Exupery’s other writings, novels and short stories.
Saint-Exupery was a fighter pilot who fought against the Nazis and was killed in action. Before World War II, he fought in the Spanish Civil War against the fascists. He wrote a fascinating story based on that experience entitled The Smile. It is this story which I’d like to share with you now. It isn’t clear whether or not he meant this to be autobiographical or fiction. I choose to believe it to be the former.
He said that he was captured by the enemy and thrown into a jail cell. He was sure that from the contemptuous looks and rough treatment he received from his jailers he would be executed the next day. From here, I’ll tell the story as I remember it in my own words.
“I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous and distraught. I fumbled in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those.
“I looked through the bars at my jailer. He did not make eye contact with me. After all, one does not make eye contact with a thing, a corpse. I called out to him ‘Have you got a light?’ He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette.
“As he came close and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don’t know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.
“I kept smiling at him, now aware of him as a person and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new dimension, too. ‘Do you have kids?’ he asked.
“ ‘Yes, here, here.’ I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I’d never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too.
“Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the jail, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town.
“My life was saved by a smile.”
Yes, the smile―the unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I tell this story in my work because I’d like people to consider that underneath all the layers we construct to protect ourselves, our dignity, our titles, our degrees, our status and our need to be seen in certain ways―underneath all that remains the authentic, essential self. I’m not afraid to call it the soul. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be enemies. We couldn’t have hate or envy or fear. I sadly conclude that all those other layers, which we so carefully construct through our lives, distance and insulate us from truly contacting others. Saint-Exupery’s story speaks of that magic moment when two souls recognize each other.
I’ve had just a few moments like that. Falling in love is one example. And looking at a baby. Why do we smile when we see a baby? Perhaps it’s because we see someone without all the defensive layers, someone whose smile for us we know to be fully genuine and without guile. And that baby-soul inside us smiles wistfully in recognition.
经常保持笑容,对你的另一半、你的孩子微笑,甚至对陌生人也不要吝惜你的微笑,因为小小的微笑就能大大增进人与人之间的感情。
法国作家安东尼·圣艾修伯里所写的《小王子》是本很多美国人都很熟悉的极好的书。这本书表面上看来是童话故事,但世故的成人读来也觉寓意深远。很少人知道,除了《小王子》,圣艾修伯里还创作过其他小说和短篇故事。
圣艾修伯里是名飞行员,二次大战对抗纳粹时被击落身亡,之前他也曾参加西班牙内战打击法西斯分子。他根据这次经验写了一篇精彩的故事——《微笑》,现在要提的就是这篇作品。这是真实故事或是虚构事情,没人能下定论,但我宁可相信这是作者的亲身体验。
故事的前段大意是作者被敌军俘虏,关进监牢。看守监狱的人一脸凶相,态度极为恶劣。他心想,明天绝对会被拖出去枪毙。以下是我记忆中的故事原文。
“一想到自己明天就没命了,不禁陷入极端的惶恐与不安。我翻遍了口袋,终于找到一支没被他们搜走的香烟,但我的手紧张得不停发抖,连将烟送进嘴里都成问题,而我的火柴也在搜身时被拿走了。
“我透过铁栏望着外面的警卫,他并没有注意到我在看他,也许对他而言,我只是他看守的一‘物品’、一具‘尸体’。我叫了他一声:‘能跟你借个火吗?’他转头望着我,耸了耸肩,然后走了过来,点燃我的香烟。
“当他帮我点火时,他的眼光无意中与我的相接触,这时我突然冲着他微笑。我不知道自己为何有这般反应,也许是过于紧张,或者是当你如此靠近另一个人,你很难不对他微笑。不管是何理由,我对他笑了。就在这一刹那,这抹微笑如同火花般,打破了我们心灵间的隔阂。受到了我的感染,他的嘴角不自觉地也现出了笑容,虽然我知道他原无此意。他点完火后并没立刻离开,两眼盯着我瞧,脸上仍带着微笑。
“我也以笑容回应,仿佛他是个朋友,而不是个守着我的警卫。他看着我的眼神也少了当初的那股凶气,‘你有小孩吗?’他开口问道。
“‘有,你看。’我拿出了皮夹,手忙脚乱地翻出了我的全家福照片。他也掏出了照片,并且开始讲述他对家人的期望与计划。这时我眼中充满了泪水,我说我害怕再也见不到家人。我害怕没机会看着孩子长大。他听了也流下两行眼泪。
“突然间,他二话不说地打开了牢门,悄悄地带我从后面的小路逃离了监狱,出了小镇,就在小镇的边上,他放了我,之后便转身往回走,不曾留下一句话。
“一个微笑居然能救自己一条命。”
是的,微笑是人与人之间最自然真挚的沟通方式,我在我的作品中讲这个故事,因为我希望人们能仔细想想以下的事情:人常常为自己建立层层的保护膜,为了维护尊严、头街、身分、形象等,而必须有所隐藏。我相信在这些掩饰下,每个人都有一个真实、不带虚伪的灵魂。如果我们能用心灵去认识彼此,世间不会有结怨成仇的憾事;恨意、妒嫉、恐惧也会不复存在。可惜的是人小心翼翼为自己所建造的保护膜,却阻隔了自己与他人真诚相对的机会。圣艾修伯里的这则故事,让我们见到了两颗心灵相互交流的神奇时刻。
我也曾有过如此神奇的时刻,坠入情网是其中一刻,而看着婴儿的脸是另外一例。为什么我们见到婴孩会微笑?也许是因为我们在他们身上见到不设防的灵魂,还有他们纯真无邪的笑容,更引起了我们内心深处的共鸣。
The Selling of a Soul出卖灵魂
A poet struggling with the world’s condition,
Prostitution of talents and the bondage
With which the bulk of men have been deceived,
I am not, I think, one who would say
That the selling of the soul would give respite.
But I did say to myself, and not once,
That I would sell my soul for your love
If lie and surrender were needed.
I spoke this haste without thinking
That it was black blasphemy and perversion.
Your forgiveness to me for the thought
That you were one who would take a poor creature
Of a little weak base spirit
Who could be sold, even for the graces
Of your beautiful face and proud spirit.
Therefore, I will say again now,
That I would sell my soul for your sake
Twice, once for your beauty
And again for that grace
That you would not take a sold and slavish spirit.
我乃同世界现状抗争的诗人,
反对出卖天赋,反对奴役,
多数人仍然被蒙在鼓里,
我想,我还不至于会相信
出卖灵魂能够缓解痛苦。
但我的确说过,还不止一次,
我将为了你的爱出卖灵魂,
如果你的爱需要我撒谎和放弃。
我匆出此言,却没想到,
它是邪恶的亵渎和堕落。
原谅我拥有如此荒唐的想法,
以为你能接受一个可怜虫
和他软弱卑微的灵魂,这灵魂
可以被出卖,即使是为了
你美丽容颜与骄傲灵魂的高贵。
因此,我现在再次宣布,
我要出卖灵魂,为了你,
出卖两次,一次为你的美丽,
一次为你的高贵,你那决不接受
出卖了的奴性灵魂的高贵。
The Importance of Being Honest诚信的意义
In the busy city of New York, such an astonishing thing that ever happened.
On a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station, playing his violin. Though the music was great, people were quickly going home for the weekend. In this case, many of them slowed down their paces and put some money into the hat of the young man.
The next day, the young artist came to the gate of the subway station, and put his hat on the ground gracefully. Different than the day before, he took out a large piece of paper and laid it on the ground and put some stones on it. Then he adjusted the violin and began playing. It seemed more pleasant to listen to.
Before long, the young violinist was surrounded with people, who were all attracted by the words on that paper. It said, “Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put an important thing into my hat by mistaken. Please come to claim it soon.”
Seeing this, it caused a great excitement and people wondered what it could be. After about half an hour, a middle-aged man ran there in a hurry and rushed through the crowd to the violinist and grabbed his shoulders and said, “Yes, it’s you. You did come here. I knew that you’re an honest man and would certainly come here.”
The young violinist asked calmly, “Are you Mr. George Sang?”
The man nodded. The violinist asked, “Did you lose something?”
“Lottery. It’s lottery,” said the man.
The violinist took out a lottery ticket on which George Sang’s name was seen. “Is it?” he asked.
George nodded promptly and seized the lottery ticket and kissed it, and then he danced with the violinist.
The story turned out to be this: George Sang is an office clerk. He bought a lottery ticket issued by a bank a few days ago. The awards opened yesterday and he won a prize of $500,000. So he felt very happy after work and felt the music was so wonderful, that he took out 50 dollars and put in the hat. However the lottery ticket was also thrown in. The violinist was a student at an Arts College and had planned to attend advanced studies in Vienna. He had booked the ticket and would fly that morning. However when he was cleaning up he found the lottery ticket. Thinking that the owner would return to look for it, he cancelled the flight and came back to where he was given the lottery ticket.
Later someone asked the violinist: “At that time you were in needed to pay the tuition fee and you had to play the violin in the subway station every day to make the money. Then why didn’t you take the lottery ticket for yourself?”
The violinist said, “Although I don’t have much money, I live happily; but if I lose honesty, I won’t be happy forever.”
Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us. If we bear ourselves in a deceptive and dishonest way, we may succeed temporarily. However, from the long-term view, we will be a loser. Such kind of people are just like the water on the mountain. It stands high above the masses at the beginning, but gradually it comes down inch by inch and loses the chance of going up.
在繁华的纽约,曾经发生了这样一件震撼人心的事情。
星期五的傍晚,一个贫穷的年轻艺人仍然像往常一样站在地铁站门口,专心致志地拉着他的小提琴。琴声优美动听,虽然人们都急急忙忙地赶着回家过周末,但还是有很多人情不自禁地放慢了脚步,时不时地会有一些人在年轻艺人跟前的礼帽里放一些钱。
第二天黄昏,年轻的艺人又像往常一样准时来到地铁门口,把他的礼帽摘下来很优雅地放在地上。和以往不同的是,他还从包里拿出一张大纸,然后很认真地铺在地上,四周还用自备的小石块压上。做完这一切以后,他调试好小提琴,又开始了演奏,声音似乎比以前更动听更悠扬。
不久,年轻的小提琴手周围站满了人,人们都被铺在地上的那张大纸上的字吸引了,有的人还踮起脚尖看。上面写着:“昨天傍晚,有一位叫乔治·桑的先生错将一份很重要的东西放在我的礼帽里,请您速来认领。”
见此情景,人群之间引起一阵骚动,都想知道这是一份什么样的东西。过了半小时左右,一位中年男人急急忙忙跑过来,拨开人群就冲到小提琴手面前,抓住他的肩膀语无伦次的说:“啊!是您呀,您真的来了,我就知道您是个诚实的人,您一定会来的。”
年轻的小提琴手冷静地问:“您是乔治·桑先生吗?”
那人连忙点头。小提琴手又问:“您遗落了什么东西吗?”
那位先生说:“奖票,奖票。”
小提琴手于是掏出一张奖票,上面还醒目地写着乔治·桑,小提琴手举着彩票问:“是这个吗?”
乔治·桑迅速地点点头,抢过奖票吻了一下,然后又抱着小提琴手在地上跳起了舞。
原来事情是这样的,乔治·桑是一家公司的小职员,他前些日子买了一张一家银行发行的奖票,昨天上午开奖,他中了50万美元的奖金。昨天下班,他心情很好,觉得音乐也特别美妙,于是就从钱包里掏出50美元,放在了礼帽里,可是不小心把奖票也扔了进去。小提琴手是一名艺术学院的学生,本来打算去维也纳进修,已经定好了机票,时间就在今天上午,可是他昨天整理东西时发现了这张奖票,想到失主会来找,于是今天就退掉了机票,又准时来到这里。
后来,有人问小提琴手:“你当时那么需要一笔学费,为了赚够这笔学费,你不得不每天到地铁站拉提琴。那你为什么不把那50万元的奖票留下呢?”
小提琴手说:“虽然我没钱,但我活得很快乐;假如我没了诚信,我一天也不会快乐。”
在人的一生中,我们会得到许多,也会失去许多,但守信用却应是始终陪伴我们的。如果以虚伪、不诚实的方式为人处世,也许能获得暂时的“成功”,但从长远看,他最终是个失败者。这种人就像山上的水,刚开始的时候,是高高在上,但渐渐地它就越来越下降,再没有一个上升的机会。
A Pair of Socks一双袜子
One fine afternoon I was walking along Fifth Avenue, when I remembered that it was necessary to buy a pair of socks. I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye, and a boy clerk who could not have been more than seventeen years old came forward. “What can I do for you, sir?” “I want to buy a pair of socks.” His eyes glowed. There was a note of passion in his voice. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks?” I had not been aware of that, as my entrance had been accidental. “Come with me,” said the boy, ecstatically. I followed him to the rear of the shop, and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box, displaying their contents for my delectation.
“Hold on, lad, I am going to buy only one pair!” “I know that,” said he, “but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are. Aren’t they wonderful?” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy rapture, as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion. I became far more interested in him than in the socks. I looked at him in amazement. “My friend,” said I, “if you can keep this up, if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty, from having a new job, if you can keep up this zeal and excitement day after day, in ten years you will own every sock in the United States.”
My amazement at his pride and joy in salesmanship will be easily understood by all who read this article. In many shops the customer has to wait for someone to wait upon him. And when finally some clerk does deign to notice you, you are made to feel as if you were interrupting him. Either he is absorbed in profound thought in which he hates to be disturbed or he is skylarking with a girl clerk and you feel like apologizing for thrusting yourself into such intimacy.
He displays no interest either in you or in the goods he is paid to sell. Yet possibly that very clerk who is now so apathetic began his career with hope and enthusiasm. The daily grind was too much for him; the novelty wore off; his only pleasures were found outside of working hours. He became a mechanical, not inspired, salesman. After being mechanical, he became incompetent; then he saw younger clerks who had more zest in their work, promoted over him. He became sour. That was the last stage. His usefulness was over.
I have observed this melancholy decline in the lives of so many men in so many occupations that I have come to the conclusion that the surest road to failure is to do things mechanically. There are many teachers in schools and colleges who seem duller than the dullest of their pupils; they go through the motions of teaching, but they are as impersonal as a telephone.
一个晴朗的下午,我沿第五大街而行,忽然想起需要买双袜子。我拐进看到的第一家袜店,一个不到17岁的少年售货员迎上来:“先生,我能为您效劳吗?”“我想买双短袜。”他双眸满是热情,声音饱含激情:“您知道您来到了世界上最好的袜店吗?”我倒并未意识到这点,我不过是随便进来的。“随我来,”男孩欣喜若狂地说。我跟着他往里走。他开始从货架上拽下一个又一个盒子,向我展示里面的袜子,让我欣赏。
“停一停,孩子,我只买一双!”“我知道,”他说,“但我想让您瞧瞧这些袜子是多么漂亮?令人赞叹!难道它们不棒吗!”他的脸色庄严而虔诚,就像是在向我透露他的信仰中的奥秘似的。我对他远远超过了对袜子的兴趣。我吃惊地打量着他。“我的朋友,”我说,“如果你能这样保持下去,如果这热情并不仅仅缘于新奇,缘于找到份新工作,如果你能日复一日地保持这种热心和激情,不出十年,全美的每一双袜子都将是从你手中卖出去的。”
我对他推销时的自豪与欣喜所感到的诧异,读者诸君当不难理解。在很多店铺,顾客不得不等待有人来招呼。当终于有个售货员肯屈尊理你,那样子又让你感觉像是打扰了他。他不是陷于讨厌被人搅扰的深思之中,就是和女售货员嬉戏调笑;而你不适时的插入打断了他们的亲昵,为此你感觉好像需要道歉似的。
他显示出对你和他拿着工资去卖的东西毫无兴趣。然而,就是这样一个如此冷漠的售货员,或许当初也是满怀希望和热情开始工作的。天天枯燥乏味的苦差事令他不堪忍受,新鲜感磨去了,惟一的乐趣只能在工作之外找到。他成了一个机械的、没有干劲的售货员。机械呆板之后便是笨拙无能。随后,看到比他年轻、工作热情比他高的售货员得到了提拔,在他之上,他于是变得烦躁刻薄。此时便到了他职业生涯的最后阶段。他不再有用了。
我观察到,很多职业中的太多人在人生道路上都有这种可悲的堕落。由此我得出结论:机械地应付差事是离失败最近的路。大中小学里的许多教师,似乎比他们最最迟钝的学生还要呆滞;他们似乎也搞搞教学,却毫无人的感情,就如同一部电话机。
Of Friendship论友谊
It had been hard for him that spake it to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech, Whatsoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversation towards society, in any man, has somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all, of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a man’s self, for a higher conversation: such as is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Canadian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits and holy fathers of the church. But little do men perceive what solitude is, and how far it extends. For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. The Latin adage meets with it a little: Magna civitas, magna solitude; because in a great town friends are scattered; so that there is not that fellowship, for the most part, which is in less neighborhoods. But we may go further, and affirm most truly, that it is a mere and miserable solitude to want true friends; without which the world is but a wilderness; and even in this sense also of solitude, whosoever in the frame of his nature and affections, is unfit for friendship, he takes it of the beast, and not from humanity.
A principal fruit of friendship, is the ease and discharge of the fullness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do cause and induce. We know diseases of stoppings, and suffocations, are the most dangerous in the body; and it is not much otherwise in the mind; you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flowers of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt opens the heart, but a true friend; to whom you may impart griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lies upon the heart to oppress it, in a kind of civil shrift or confession.
It is a strange thing to observe, how high a rate great kings and monarchs do set upon this fruit of friendship, whereof we speak: so great, as they purchase it, many times, at the hazard of their own safety and greatness. For princes, in regard of the distance of their fortune from that of their subjects and servants, cannot gather this fruit, except (to make themselves capable thereof) they raise some persons to be, as it were, companions and almost equals to themselves, which many times sorts to inconvenience. The modern languages give unto such persons the name of favorites, or privates; as if it were matter of grace, or conversation. But the Roman name attains the true use and cause thereof, naming them participes curarum; for it is that which ties the knot. And we see plainly that this has been done, not by weak and passionate princes only, but by the wisest and most politic that ever reigned; who have oftentimes joined to themselves some of their servants; whom both themselves have called friends, and allowed other likewise to call them in the same manner; using the word which is received between private men.
L. Sylla, when he commanded Rome, raised Pompey (after surnamed the Great) to that height, that Pompey vaunted himself for Sylla’s overmatch. For when he had carried the consulship for a friend of his, against the pursuit of Sylla, and that Sylla did a little resent thereat, and began to speak great, Pompey turned upon him again, and in effect bade him be quiet; for that more men adored the sun rising, than the sun setting. With Julius Caesar, Decimus Brutus had obtained that interest as he set him down in his testament, for heir in remainder, after his nephew. And this was the man that had power with him, to draw him forth to his death. For when Caesar would have discharged the senate, in regard of some ill presages, and specially a dream of Calpurnia; this man lifted him gently by the arm out of his chair, telling him he hoped he would not dismiss the senate, till his wife had dreamt a better dream. And it seems his favor was so great, as Antonius, in a letter which is recited verbatim in one of Cicero’s Philippics, calls him venefica, witch; as if he had enchanted Caesar. Augustus raised Agrippa (though of mean birth) to that height, as when he consulted with Maecenas, about the marriage of his daughter Julia, Maecenas took the liberty to tell him, that he must either marry his daughter to Agrippa, or take away his life; there was no third way, he had made him so great. With Tiberius Caesar, Sejanus had ascended to that height, as they two were termed, and reckoned, as a pair of friends. Tiberius in a letter to him says, Haec pro amicitia nostra non occultavi; and the whole senate dedicated an altar to Friendship, as to a goddess, in respect of the great dearness of friendship, between them two. The like, or more, was between Septimius Severus and Plautianus. For he forced his eldest son to marry the daughter of Plautianus; and would often maintain Plautianus, in doing affronts to his son; and did write also in a letter to the senate, by these words: I love the man so well, as I wish he may over-live me. Now if these princes had been as a Trajan, or a Marcus Aurelius, a man might have thought that this had proceeded of an abundant goodness of nature; but being men so wise, of such strength and severity of mind, and so extreme lovers of themselves, as all these were, it proves most plainly that they found their own felicity (though as great as ever happened to mortal men) but as an half piece, except they might have a friend, to make it entire; and yet, which is more, they were princes that had wives, sons, nephews; and yet all these could not supply the comfort of friendship.
It is not to be forgotten, what Comineus observes of his first master, Duke Charles the Hardy, namely, that he would communicate his secrets with none; and least of all, those secrets which troubled him most. Whereupon he goes on, and says that towards his latter time, that closeness did impair, and a little perish his understanding. Surely Comineus might have made the same judgment also, if it had pleased him, of his second master, Lewis the Eleventh, whose closeness was indeed his tormentor. The parable of Pythagoras is dark, but true; Cor ne edito; Eat not the heart. Certainly, if a man would give it a hard phrase, those that want friends, to open themselves unto, are carnnibals of their own hearts. But one thing is most admirable (wherewith I will conclude this first fruit of friendship), which is, that this communicating of a man’s self to his friend, works two contrary effects; for it redoubles joys, and cuts griefs in halves. For there is no man, that imparts his joys to his friend, but he joys the more; and no man that imparts his griefs to his friend, but he grieves the less. So that it is in truth, of operation upon a man’s mind, of like virtue as the alchemists use to attribute to their stone, for man’s body; that it works all contrary effects, but still to the good and benefit of nature. But yet without praying in aid of alchemists, there is a manifest image of this, in the ordinary course of nature. For in bodies, union strengthens and cherishes any natural action; and on the other side, weakens and dulls any violent impression: and even so it is of minds.
The second fruit of friendship, is healthful and sovereign for the understanding, as the first is for the affections. For friendship makes indeed a fair day in the affections, from storm and tempests; but it makes daylight in the understanding, out of darkness, and confusion of thoughts. Neither is this to be understood only of faithful counsel, which a man receives from his friend; but before you come to that, certain it is, that whosoever has his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits band understanding do clarify and break up, in the communicating and discoursing with another; he tosses his thoughts more easily; he marshals them more orderly, he sees how they look when they are turned into words: finally, he waxes wiser than himself; and that more by an hour’s iscourse, than by a day’s meditation. It was well said by Themistocles, to the king of Persia. That speech was like cloth of Arras, opened and putabroad; whereby the imagery doth appear infigure; whereas in thoughts they lie but as in packs. Neither is this second fruit of friendship, in opening the understanding, restrained only to such friends as are able to give a man counsel; (they indeed are best;) but even without that, a man learns of himself, and brings his own thoughts to light, and whets his wits as against a stone, which itself cuts not. In a word, a man was better relate himself to a statue, or picture, han to suffer his thoughts to pass in smother.
Add now, to make this second fruit of friendship complete, that other point, which lies more open, and falls within vulgar observation; which is faithful counsel from a friend. Heraclitus says well in one of his enigmas. Dry light is ever the best. And certain it is, that the light that a man receives by counsel from another, is drier and purer, than that which comes from his own understanding and judgment; which is ever infused, and drenched, in his affections and customs. So as there is as much difference between the counsel, that a friend gives, and that a man gives himself, as there is between the counsel of a friend, and of a flatterer. For there is no such flatterer as is a man’s self; and there is no such remedy against flattery of a man’s self, as the liberty of a friend. Counsel is of two sorts: the one concerning manners, the other concerning business. For the first, the best preservative to keep the mind in health, is the faithful admonition of a friend. The calling of a man’s self to a strict account, is a medicine, sometime too piercing and corrosive. Reading good books of morality, is a little flat and dead. Observing our faults in others, is sometimes improper for our case. But the best receipt (best, I say, to work, and best to take) is the admonition of a friend. It is a strange thing to behold, what gross error sand extreme absurdities many (especially of the greater sort) do commit, for want of a friend to tell them of them; to the great damage both of their fame and fortune: for, as St. James says, they are as men that look sometimes into a glass, and preently forget their own shape and favor. As for business, a man may think, if he win, that two eyes see no more than one; or that a gamester sees always more than a looker-on; or that a man in anger, is as wise as he that has said over the four and twenty letters; or that a musket may be shot off as well upon the arm, as upon a rest; and such other fond and high imaginations, to think him self all in all. But when all is done, the help of good counsel, is that which sets business straight. And if any man think that he will take counsel, but it shall be by pieces; asking counsel in one business, of one man, and in another business, of another man; it is well (that is to say, better, perhaps, than if he asked none at all); but he runs two dangers: one, that he shall not be faithfully counselled; for it is a rare thing, except it be from a perfect and entire friend, to have counsel given, but such as shall be bowed and crooked to some ends, which he has, that gives it. The other, that he shall have counsel given, hurtful and unsafe (though with good meaning), and mixed partly of mischief and partly of remedy; even as if you would call a physician, that is thought good for the cure of the disease you complain of, but is unacquainted with your body; and therefore may put you in way for a present cure, but overthrows your health in some other kind; and so cure the disease, and kill the patient. But a friend that is wholly acquainted with a man’s estate, will beware, by furthering any present business, how he dashes upon other inconvenience. And therefore rest not upon scattered counsels; they will rather distract and mislead, than settle and direct.
After these two noble fruits of friendship (peace in the affections, and support of the judgment), follows the last fruit; which is like the pomegranate, full of many kernels; I mean aid, and bearing a part, in all actions and occasions. Here the best way to represent to life the manifold use of friendship, is to cast and see how many things there are, which a man cannot do himself; and then it will appear, that it was a sparing speech of the ancients, to say, that a friend is another himself; for that a friend is far more than himself. Men have their time, and die many times, in desire of some things which they principally take to heart; the bestowing of a child, the finishing of a work, or the like. If a man has a true friend, he may rest almost secure that the care of those things will continue after him. So that a man has, as it were, two lives in his desires. A man has a body, and that body is confined to a place; but where friendship is, all offices of life are as it were granted to him, and his deputy. For he may exercise them by his friend. How many things are there which a man cannot, with any face or comeliness, say or do himself? A man can scarce allege his own merits with modesty, much less extol them; a man cannot sometimes brook to supplicate or beg; and a number of the like. But all these things are graceful, in a friend’s mouth, which are blushing in a man’s own. So again, a man’s person has many proper relations, which he cannot put off. A man cannot speak to his son but as a father; to his wife but as a husband; to his enemy but upon terms: whereas a friend may speak as the case requires, and not as it sorts with the person. But to enumerate these things were endless; I have given the rule, where a man cannot fitly play his own part; if he has not a friend, he may quit the stage.
“喜欢孤独的人不是野兽便是神灵。”说这话的人若要在寥寥数语之中,更能把真理和邪说放在一处,那就很难了。因为,若说一个人心里有了一种天生的、隐秘的、对社会的憎恨嫌弃,则那个人不免带点野兽的性质,这是极其真实的;然而要说这样的一个人居然有任何神灵的性质,则是极不真实的。
只有一点可为例外,那就是当这种憎恨社会的心理不是出于对孤独的爱好而是出于一种想把自己退出社会以求更崇高的生活心理的时候;这样的人异教徒中有些人曾冒充过,如克瑞蒂人埃辟曼尼底斯、罗马人努马、西西利人安辟道克利斯、蒂安那人阿波郎尼亚斯;而基督教会中许多的古隐者和长老则确有如此者。但是一般人并不大明白何为孤独以及孤独的范围。因为在没有“仁爱”的地方,一群的人众并不能算作一个团体,许多的面目也仅仅是一列图画;而交谈则不过是铙钹丁零作声,而且这种情形有句拉丁成语略能形容之:“一座大城市就是一片大荒野”;因为在一座大城市里朋友们是散居各处的,所以就其大概而言,不像在小一点的城镇里,有那样的交情。但是我们不妨更进一步并且很真实地断言说,缺乏真正的朋友乃是最纯粹最可怜的孤独;没有友谊则斯世不过是一片荒野;我们还可以用这个意义来论“孤独”说,凡是天性不配交友的人其性情可说是来自禽兽而不是来自人类的。
友谊的主要效用之一就在使人心中的愤懑抑郁之气得以宣泄弛放,这些不平之气是各种的情感都可以引起的。闭塞之症于人的身体最为凶险,这是我们知道的;在人的精神方面亦复如此:你可以服撒尔沙以通肝,服钢以通脾,服硫华以通肺,服海狸胶以通脑,然而除了一个真心的朋友之外没有一样药剂是可以通心的。对一个真心的朋友你可以传达你的忧愁、欢悦、恐惧、希望、疑忌、谏净,以及任何压在你心上的事情,有如一种教堂以外的忏悔一样。
许多伟大的人主帝王对于我们所说的友谊的效用之重视在我们看起来实为可异。他们之重视友谊,至于往往不顾自己的安全与尊荣以求之。盖为人君者,由于他们与臣民之间地位上的距离的原故,是不能享受友谊的——除非他们(为使自己能享受友谊起见)把某人擢升到他们的伴侣或侪辈的地位,然而这样做的结果往往是有不便的。像这样的人现代语叫做“宠臣”或“私人”;好像他们之所以能到这种地位仅仅是由于主上的恩意或君臣之间的亲近似的。然而罗马语中的字眼才能算是把这种人的真正用途及其擢升之由表达出来了;罗马语把这种人叫做“分优者”;因为真能使君臣之间结如斯之友谊者,正即此事也。我们又可以看到像这样的事情并不限于懦弱易感的君主,即从来最有智有谋的君主,亦往往有与臣下中某人结交,呼之为友,并使旁人亦以君王之友人称之者;君臣之间所用的这种称谓就和普遍私人之间所用的一样。
苏拉,当他为罗马的独裁者的时候,把庞拜(即后来被人称为“伟大的”庞拜者)擢升到很高的地位以至庞拜自诩为苏拉所不及。因为有一次庞拜为他的一位朋友争执政官之职,与苏拉所推举之人竞选,竟而获胜。在苏拉对此表示不满而开始争吵的时候,庞拜简直反唇相向,叫他不要多言,“因为拜朝日的人多过拜夕阳的人”。在恺撒则有代西玛斯·布鲁塔斯,其影响之巨,竟使恺撒在遗嘱中立他为次承继人,仅次于恺撒的孙外甥。而这人也就是有能力诱致恺撒于死地的人。因为在恺撒为了一些不祥的预兆,尤其是克尔坡尼亚的一场噩梦的原故而想使参议院先行散会,改期再开的时候,布鲁塔斯拉着他的胳膊,轻轻地把他从椅子上拉了起来,并告诉他说,他希望恺撒不要叫参议院散会,等恺撒的夫人做一场好一点的梦之后再行开会。安东尼在一封信里(这封信在西塞罗的攻击演说之一中曾经一字不移地引用过)曾呼代西玛斯·布鲁塔斯为“妖人”,好像他用邪术迷惑了恺撒似的,他的得宠之深可见矣。
阿葛瑞帕虽然出身微贱,但是奥古斯塔斯却把他升到很高的地位,以致后来当奥古斯塔斯以他的女儿玖利亚的婚事问麦西那斯的时候,麦西那斯竟敢说“他必须把女儿嫁给阿葛瑞帕,否则就必须把阿葛瑞帕杀了。再没有第三条路可走,因为他把阿葛瑞帕已造就得如此之伟大了”。在泰比瑞亚斯一方面西亚努斯升到很高的位置,竟至他们二人被称并被认为一双朋友。泰比瑞亚斯在致西亚努斯的一封信里写道:“为了我们的友谊的原故,我没有把这些事对你隐瞒”,并且整个的参议院给“友谊”特造了一座杂坛(就好像“友谊”是一位女神一样)以表扬他们二人之间的很亲爱的友谊。
此类或胜乎此的例子又可于塞普谛米亚斯·塞委拉斯与普劳梯亚努斯的友谊中见之。因为塞委拉斯竟强迫他的儿子娶普劳梯亚努斯之女为妻;并且往往袒护普劳梯亚努斯种种欺凌皇子的行为;他并且以这样的言辞下诏于参议院:“朕爱其人如此之深,愿其能后朕而死也。”假如这些君王是图拉真或马喀斯·奥瑞利亚斯一流的,那末我们可以认为像上述的举动乃是出自十分良善的心田的;但是这些君王都是很有智谋,精神强健而严厉,并且是极端爱己的,然而他们竟然如此,这就可以证明他们的幸福虽然已达人间之极峰,但是他们对之,仍不满意,觉得若无朋友使之圆满,则这种幸福终是残缺不全也。犹有甚者,这些君主都是有妻有子有甥侄的人,然而这些人竟不能使他们有朋友之乐。
康明奈亚斯关于他的第一位主上,“勇敢的”查理公爵,所说的话是不可忘的,就是,他不肯把他的秘密与任何人共之,尤其不肯把那最使他为难的秘密告人。于是康明奈亚斯继续又说道:“到公爵的末日将近的时候这种秘而不宣的性情不免稍损他的理智。”其实,如果康明奈亚斯乐意的话,他对于他的第二位主上,路易十一,也大可下同样的断语,因为路易十一的好隐秘确是他自己的灾星。毕达哥拉斯底格言是难解而真确的;他说,“不要吃你的心。”确实地;说得厉害一点,没有朋友可以向之倾诉心事的人们可说是吃自己的心的野人。
有一件事却是很值得惊奇的(我把它说了出来就此结束关于友谊的第一种功效的话语),那就是,一个人向朋友宣泄私情的这件事能产生两种相反的结果,它既能使欢乐倍增,又能使忧愁减半。因为没有人不因为把自己的乐事告诉了朋友而更为欢欣者,也没有人因为把自己的忧愁告诉了朋友而不减忧愁者。所以就实际的作用而言,友谊之于人心其价值真有如炼金术士常常所说的他们的宝石之于人身一样;这宝石,依术土们的话,是能产生种种互相反对的效力,然而总是有利于天禀的。然而,即令不借助于术士,在普通的自然现象中,也可以看到这种情形很明显的肖像。因为物体相合则足以助长并滋养任何天然的作用,又可以削弱并挫折任何暴烈的外来打击也:物体如此,人心亦是如此。
友谊的第二种功用就在它能卫养并支配理智,有如第一种功用之卫养并支配感情一样。因为友谊在感情方面使人出于烈风暴雨而入于光天化日,而在理智方面又能使人从黑暗和乱想入于白昼也。这不仅指一个人从朋友处得来的忠谏而言;即在得到这个之前,任何心中思虑过多的人,若能与旁人通言并讨论,则他的心智与理解力将变为清朗而有别;他的思想的动作将更为灵活;其排列将更有秩序;他可以看出来把这些思想变成言语的时候它们是什么模样;他终于变得比以往的他聪明,而要达到这种情形,一小时的谈话比一天的沉思为效更巨——这些都是没有疑义的。塞密斯陶克立斯对波斯王的话说得极是。他说:“言语有如张挂展览的花毡,其中的图形都是显明的;而思想则有如卷折起来的花毡。”友谊的这第二种功用(就是启发理智),也不限于那些能进忠言的朋友(他们当然是最好的朋友了),即令没有这样的朋友,一个人也能借言谈的力量自己增长知识,把自己的思想使之明白表现,并且把自己的机智磨厉得更为锋利,如磨刃于石,刃锐而石固不能割也。简言之,一个人,与其使他的思想窒息而灭,毋宁向雕像或图画倾诉一切之为愈也。
现在,为充分说明友谊的这第二种功用起见,我们再一谈那个显而易见的、流俗之人也可以注意到的那一点,就是朋友的忠言。赫拉克里塔斯在他的隐语之一中说得很好,“干光永远最佳”。一个人从另一个人的净言中所得来的光明比从他自己的理解力,判断力中所出的光明更是干净纯粹,这是无疑的:一个人从自己的理解力与判断力中得来的那种光明总不免是受他的感情和习惯的浸润影响的。因此,在朋友所给的诤言与自己所作的主张之间其差别有如良友的净言与谄佞的建议之间的差别一样。因为谄谀我者无过于我;而防御自谄自谀之术更无有能及朋友之直言者也。诤言共有两种:一是关于行为的,一是关于事业的。说到第一种,最能保人心神之健康的预防药就是朋友的忠言规谏。一个人的严厉自责是一种有时过于猛烈,蚀力过强的药品。
读劝善的好书不免沈闷无味。在别人身上观察自己的错误有时与自己的情形不符。最好的药方(最有效并且最易服用的)就是朋友的劝谏。许多人(尤其是伟大的人们)因为没有朋友向他们进忠告的缘故,做出大谬极误的事来,以致他们的名声和境遇均大受损失,这种情形看起来是很可惊异的。这些人是,有如圣雅各所说,“有时看看镜子,而不久就会忘了自己的形貌的。”讲到事业方面,一个人也许以为两只眼所见的并不多于一只眼所见的;或者以为局中人之所见总较旁观者之所见为多;或者以为一个在发怒中的人和一个默数过二十四个字母的人一般地聪明;或者以为一枝旧式毛瑟枪,托在臂上放和托在架上放一样地得力;他可以有许多类此的愚蠢骄傲的妄想,以为自己一身就很够了。然而能使事业趋于正轨者还数忠言。
又,假如有人想采纳别人的忠告,而愿意零碎采纳,在某一件事上问某一人,在另一件事上问另一人,这样的办法也好(这就是说,总比他全不问人的或者好一点);可是他冒着两种危险;一是他将得不到忠实的进言;因为所进的言论必须是来自一位完全诚心的朋友的才好,否则鲜有不被歪屈而倾向于进言人之私利者也。另一种危险是他所得的进言,将为一种有害而不安全的言论(虽然用意是好的)一半是招致祸患的而一半是救济或预防祸患的;有如你生病请医,而这位医生是虽被认为善治你所患的病症,却是不熟悉你的体质的;因此他也许会使你目前的疾病可以痊愈而将危害你健康的另一方面;结果是治了病症而杀了病人。一个完全通晓你的事业境遇的朋友则不然,他将小心注意,以免因为推进你目前的某种事业而使你在别的方面突受打击。所以最好不要依靠零零碎碎的忠告;它们扰乱和误引的可能多于安定和指导的可能也。
在友谊的这两种高贵的功效(心情上的平和与理智上的扶助)之后还有那最末的一种功效:这种功效有如石榴之多核。这句话的意思就是朋友对于一个人的各种行为,各种需要,都有所帮助,有所参加也。在这一点上,若要把友谊的多种用途很显明生动地表现出来,最好的方法是计算一下,看看一个人有多少事情是不能靠自己去办理的:这样计算一下之后,我们就可以看得出古人所谓“朋友者另一己身也”的那句话是一句与事实相较还很不够的话;因为一个朋友比较一个人的己身用处还要大得多。人的生命有限,有许多人在没有达到最大的心愿——如子女的婚事,工作之完成,等等——之前就死了。要是一个人有了一位真心的朋友,那末他就大可安心,知道这些事件在他死后还是有人照料的。如此,一个人在完成心愿上简直是有两条性命了。
一个人有一个身体,而这个身体是限于一个地方的;但是假如他有朋友,那末所有的人生大事都可算是有人办理了。就是他自己不能去的地方,他的朋友也可以代表他的。还有,有多少事是一个人为了颜面的关系,不能自己说或办的!一个人不能自承有功而免矜夸之嫌,更不用说是不能表扬自己的功绩了;他有时也不能低首下心地去有所恳求;诸如此类的事很多。但是这一切的事,在一个人自己的嘴里说出来未免赧颜的,在朋友嘴里说出来却是很好。类此,一个人还有许多身份上的关系,是他不能弃置不顾的。例如,一个人对儿子讲话,就不能不保持父亲的身份;对妻子讲话就不能不保持丈夫的身份;对仇敌讲话就不能不顾虑自己的体面:但是一个朋友却可以就事论事,而不必顾虑到人的方面。这一类的事情要一一列举出来是说不完的;要之,一个人若是有某种事自己不能很得体地去做时,我对他有一条规则可说,就是,他如果没有朋友的话,那末他只有“下台”之一法。
A Thief小偷
He is waiting for the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her bead-the man imagines it loosed and cascading to the small of her back-and carries over she shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face-she is ahead of him in line-but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heart beat. She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her gaze abruptly.
The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty-five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city.
His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal-including a remarkable number, he thinks, of an unattached pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes-until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blond in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette’s attention, to invite her to have a drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. In another instant the two women separate; neither of their direction is toward him. He orders a second Scotch and water.
When next he sees her, he is buying a magazine to read during the flight and becomes aware that someone is jostling him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he musters a smile.
“Busy place,” he says.
She looks up at him—is she blushing?—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal.
The man is at the counter with his magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it? He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks-and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocked.
What is he to do? He still has his ticket, safely tucked inside his suitcoat—he reaches into the jacket to feel the envelope, to make sure. He can take the flight, call someone to pick him up at his destination-since he cannot even afford bus fare-conduct his business and fly home. But in the meantime he will have to do something about the lost credit cards-call home, have his wife get the numbers out of the top desk drawer, phone the card companies-so difficult a process, the whole thing suffocating. What shall he do?
First. Find a policeman, tell what has happened, describe the young woman, damn her, he thinks, for seeming to be attentive to him, to let herself stand so close to him, to blush prettily when he spoke-and all the time she wanted only to steal from him. And her blush was not shyness but the anxiety of being caught; that was most disturbing of all. Damn deceitful creatures. He will spare the policeman the details-just tell what she has down, what is in the wallet. He grits his teeth. He will probably never see his wallet again.
He is trying to decide if he should save time for talking to a guard near the X-ray machines when he is appalled-and elated-to see the black-haired girl. She is seated against a front window of the terminal, taxis and private cars moving sluggishly beyond her in the gathering darkness: she seems engrossed in a book. A seat beside her is empty, and the man occupies it.
“I’ve been looking for you,” he says.
She glances at him with no sort of recognition. “I don’t know you,” she says.
“Sure you do.”
She sighs and puts the book aside. “Is this all you characters think about—picking up girls like we were stray animals? What do you think I am?”
“You lifted my wallet,” he says. He is pleased to have said “lifted”, thinking it sounds more wordly than stole or took or even ripped off.
“I beg your pardon?” the girl says.
“I know you did—at the magazine counter. If you’ll just give it back, we can forget the whole thing. If you don’t, then I’ll hand you over to the police.”
She studies him, her face serious. “All right,” she says. She pulls the black bag onto her lap, reaches into it and draws out a wallet.
He takes it from her. “Wait a minute,” he says, “This isn’t mine.”
The girl runs, he bolts after her. It is like a scene in a movie—bystanders scattering, the girl zigzagging to avoid collisions, the sound of his own breathing reminding him how old he is—until he hears a woman’s voice behind him:
“Stop, thief! Stop that man!”
Ahead of him the brunette disappears around a corner and in the same moment a young man in a marine uniform puts out a foot to trip him up. He falls hard, banging knee and elbow on the tile floor of the terminal, but manages to hang on to the wallet which is not his.
The wallet is a woman’s, fat with money and credit cards from places like Sak’s and Peck & Peck and Lord & Taylor, and it belongs to the blonde in the fur-trimmed coat—the blonde he has earlier seen in conversation with the criminal brunette. She, too, is breathless, as is the police man with her.
“That’s him,” the blonde girl says, “He lifted my billfold.”
It occurs to the man that he cannot even prove his own identity to the policeman.
Two weeks later—the embarrassment and rage have diminished, the family lawyer has been paid, the confusion in his household has receded-the wallet turns up without explanation in one morning’s mail. It is intact, no money is missing, and all the cards are in place. Though he is relieved, the man thinks that for the rest of his life he will feel guilty around policemen, and ashamed in the presence of women.
他第一次注意到那个年轻女人,是在他到航空公司售票处排队买票的时候。她的乌黑发亮的一头秀发在脑后紧紧地终成一个客。那人想象着那头秀发披散开来瀑布般落在腰间的情形,只见那女人穿着皮外套的肩上挎着一个沉甸甸的黑色坤包,脚上穿着一双黑色软皮靴。他竭力想看到她的容貌,她就排在他的前面。但是,一直到她买好票走开,他才睹她的芳容:雪白的皮肤,马里发亮的眼睛,丰满的嘴唇。他心族摇荡,狂跳不止。那年轻女人似乎察觉到他在注视着她,便突然垂下了眼睛。
售票员一说话打断了他的想象。他不再看那女人——他想她可能有25岁左右——然后买了一张到东部一个城市的二等往返机票。
飞机过1个小时才起飞。为了消磨时间,他走进机场的一家鸡尾酒吧,要了一杯兑水的苏格兰威士忌、他一边慢慢地喝着酒,一边望着大厅里川流不息的乘客——他想,其中有好多一定都是未婚的漂亮女人,她们穿的是时装杂志上介绍的那种衣服——直到后来他又瞥见那个穿皮外套的黑发姑娘。她站在旅客服务台旁边,和另外一个姑娘眉飞色舞地聊着什么。另外那个姑娘金发碧眼,身穿一件镶着灰色猫皮的布外套。不知怎么的,他想引起黑发姑娘的注意,想趁这个姑娘要乘的飞往什么地方去的班机还没离开之前,请她喝上一杯。然而,尽管他认为她向他这边张望了一小会儿,但他在酒吧的阴暗处,吸引不了她的秋波。过了没多大一会儿,这两个女人就分手了,都没有朝这个方向走来。他又要了一杯兑水的苏格兰威士忌。
当他再次看见她的时候,他正在买一本杂志,以便在飞机上看。突然,他觉得有人挨近了他。他先是吃了一惊,怎么会有人靠得这么近碰到他的身体呢?但等看清是谁之后,他的脸上浮起了微笑。
“这地方人可真多。”他说。
她抬眼看着他——她是害羞脸才红的吗?——她的嘴角掠过一丝奇怪的表情,转眼就消失了。她从他的身边走开,加入了大厅的人流之中。
他拿着杂志站在柜台边,但当他将手伸进后边的口袋拿钱夹的时候,发现里边什么也没有了。他在心里想着:我可能是在什么地方把它弄丢的呢?他开始在脑海里清点装在钱夹里的信用卡、钞票、会员证、身份证等东西。一种酷似恐惧的感觉使他的胃部剧烈地痉挛起来。那个姑娘挨我那样近,他想——他立马明白了,是她偷了他的钱夹。
怎么办呢?飞机票还在,装在上衣内袋里是万无一失的——他将手伸到衣服里面,摸了摸装机票的纸袋,心才落了地。他可以乘这班飞机,到达目的地,叫人来接。他连坐公共汽车的钱都没有了。完事之后,再乘飞机回家。但是,在此期间要对那些信用卡失窃采取措施——要打电话,让妻子将放在写字台最上面抽屉里的信用卡号码取出来,和一家家信用卡公司通电话——真是麻烦死了,要全部办完,准会要命。怎么办呢?
首先找警察把事情经过以及那年轻女人的模样告诉他。这女人真可恶,好像对他很有意思,站得离他是那样近,听他说话时她的脸红得是那样妩媚动人——却要挖空心思想偷他的东西。原来她脸红不是因为害羞,而是做贼心虚。这是最恼人的。这该死的骗人的娘们。这些细节还是不给警察说好——单讲她所做的事情、他的钱夹里有什么东西就行了。他咬牙切齿。很可能他再也见不到自己的钱夹了。
他正在考虑为了节省时间,就跟那个站在金属探测器旁边的保安员谈一下。突然,他眼睛一亮,喜出望外——吃惊地看到了那个黑发女人(报纸上会说:“长着一头乌黑秀发的女贼。”)靠坐在大厅的前窗。在她身后渐浓的暮色中,出租车和私车在慢慢腾腾地移动。她好像在全神贯注地看书。她旁边的座位空着。于是,他坐了下来。
“我正在找你呢。”他说。
她瞟了他一眼,似乎没有认出他是谁。“找不认识你。”她说。
“你不会不认识我的。”
她叹了口气,将书放在一边。“你们这些人怎么光想这个。好像我们女孩子是迷路的小动物,随随便便就能搞到手似的。你把我当成什么人了?”
“你摸走了我的钱夹。”他说。他很得意地说“摸走”,他觉得这个字眼比“偷走”、“盗走”,甚至“掏走”,听上去更加贴切。
“你在说什么呀?”那女孩说。
“我知道是你干的——在杂志柜台边。只要你还给我,事情就一笔勾销,否则就把你交给警察。”
她仔细打量着那人,神情非常严肃。“好吧,”她说着,将她那只黑包拉到膝盖上,手伸进去,掏出了一只皮夹。
他从她手里一把拿过来。“等一下,”他说,“这不是我的。”
那女孩撒腿就跑,他在后面穷追不舍,真像电影中的场面——周围的人纷纷避开。那女孩飞快地左拐右转,避免发生碰撞。他的喘息声使他想起了自己的年纪——后来听到一个女人的喊叫声从背后传来:
“抓、抓贼!抓住那个男人!”
前面,黑发女人已经转过拐角,不见了踪影。与此同时,一个身穿海军陆战队制服的年轻人伸脚一绊。那人猛地跌倒,膝盖和胳膊肘都重重地砸在大厅的地板砖上,但他的手里仍紧紧地攥着那个不属于他的皮夹。
这只皮夹是一名妇女的,鼓鼓囊囊地装着钞票和像“萨克”、“佩克与佩克”、“洛德与泰勒”这种公司的信用卡。皮夹的主人是那个穿皮毛镶边外套的金发女人——他早先看到在和那个作贼的黑发女人交谈的金发女人。她也跑得气喘吁吁,像那个和她一同赶来的警察一样。
“就是他,”金发女人说,“是他偷了我的皮夹。”
他突然想到,他甚至无法向警察证实自己的身份。
时隔两星期之后——他不再那样尴尬和恼怒,家庭律师的报酬已经支付,家里的风波也已经过去——他的钱夹在上午送来的邮件中意外地出现了,没有附任何解释。皮夹原封未动,钱一点也没少,所有的证卡都在。尽管松了口气,但他觉得,在自己今后的人生旅途中,他在警察旁边会感到内疚,在女人们面前会感到羞愧难当。
Confidence自信
Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.
New research shows that parts of those feelings are in the genes.
Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability to control their destinies are more likely to adjust well to growing old than those who feel that they drift on the currents of fate.
Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that such confidence, or lark of it, is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.
They also found that the belief in blind luck—a conviction that coincidence plays a big role in life is something learned in life and has nothing to do with heredity.
The research was conducted at the Karolinska Institute-better known as the body that annually awards the Nobel Prize for medicine by Nancy Pedersen of the Institute and Margaret Gatz, a professor of psychology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Their results were recently published in the United States in the Journal of Gerontology.
People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an “internal locus of control”, and have a better chance of being well adjusted in their old age, said Pedersen.
An “external locus of control”, believing that outside forces determine the course of life, has been linked to depression in latter years, she said.
“We are trying to understand what makes people different. What makes some people age gracefully and others have a more difficult time?” she said.
The study showed that while people have an inborn predilection toward independence and self-confidence, about 70 percent of this personality trait is affected by a person’s environment and lifetime experiences.
Pedersen’s studies, with various collaborators, probe the aging process by comparing sets of twins, both identical and fraternal, many of whom were separated at an early age.
The subjects were drawn from a roster first compiled about 30 years ago registering all twins born in Sweden since 1886. The complete list, which was extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.
有些人天生相信他们是自我生命的主宰,其他人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。
一项新的研究发现这些感觉部份来自基因。
心理学家早就知道有信心掌握自己命运的人比那些觉得自己是受命运摆布的人更能适应老化。
两位研究学家在询问了好几百对瑞典的双胞胎后报告说,这种信心,或是信心的缺乏,一部份是与基因有关,另一部份则是来自经验的累积。
他们同时发现,相信盲目运气的人认为,在生命中扮演一个很重要角色的机遇是在生活过程中学习得来的,而与遗传毫无关系。
这项研究是在卡洛林司卡机构里进行的。这个机构亦是每年颁赠诺贝尔医学奖的团体。该研究是由此机构的南西·皮德森与洛杉矶南加大的心理学教授玛格丽特·贾兹所主持,他们这项研究结果最近在美国老年学的期刊上登出。
皮德森说,对自己掌握生命的能力有信心的人有一种“内在控制的基因位点”,比较能够适应老年期。
她说,相信外在力量决定生命之旅的“外在控制的基因位点”与晚年沮丧的情绪有关。
她说:“我们想了解人与人之间相异的原因是什么。是什么原因使有些人安然悠哉地步入晚年,而有些人则比较困难?”
这项研究显示,有人能够拥有天生的自信与独立,而百分之七十有这种个性的人,会受到环境与一生的经验所影响。
皮德森的研究,囊括了许多不同的研究学者,从事双胞胎的比较,并探讨老化的过程。这些同卵及异卵双胞胎有许多都在很小的时候就分开了。
研究对象是由一本三十年前编纂的名册所抽出。这本名册登记有自一八八六年以来,所有在瑞典出生的双胞胎。这份完整的名单一直延续到一九七一年,共行几万五千对双胞胎。
Differences不同
It is curious that our own offenses should seem so much less heinous than the offenses of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the circumstances that have occasioned them and so manage to excuse in ourselves what we cannot excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own defects, and when we are forced by untoward events to consider them, find it easy to condone them. For all I know we are right to do this; they are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together.
But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves fro which we have left out everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. To take a trivial instance: how scornful we are when we catch someone out telling a lie; but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundred?
There is not much to choose between men. They are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.
让人奇怪的是,和别人的过错比起来,我们自身的过错往往不是那样的可恶。我想,其原因应该是我们知晓一切导致自己犯错的情况,因此能够设法谅解自己的错误,而别人的错误却不能谅解。我们对自己的缺点不甚关注,即便是深陷困境而不得不正视它们的时候,我们也会很容易就宽恕自己。据我所知,我们这样做是正确的。缺点是我们自身的一部分,我们必须接纳自己的好和坏。
但是当我们评判别人的时候,情况就不同了。我们不是通过真实的自我来评判别人,而是用一种自我形象来评判,这种自我形象完全摒弃了在任何世人眼中会伤害到自己的虚荣或者体面的东西。举一个小例子来说:当觉察到别人说谎时,我们是多么地蔑视他啊!但是,谁能够说自从未说过谎?可能还不止一百次呢。
人和人之间没什么大的差别。他们皆是伟大与渺小,善良与邪恶,高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人性格比较坚毅,机会也比较多,因而达个或那个方面,能够更自由地发挥自己的禀赋,但是人类的潜能却都是相同的。至于我自己,我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或者更差,但是我知道,假如我记下我生命中每一次举动和每一个掠过我脑海的想法的话,世界就会将我视为一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这样的怪念头,这样的认识应当能够启发我们宽容自己,也宽容他人。同时,假如因此我们得以用幽默的态度看待他人,即使是天下最优秀最令人尊敬的人,而且假如我们也因此不把自己看得过于重要,那是很有裨益的。
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